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Publicação
Índice de mobilidade sustentável da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa
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Resumo(s)
O setor dos transportes representa um grande peso no consumo de energia final, sendo
responsável por cerca de 1/3 das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE). Desta forma, torna-se
inevitável a promoção de uma mobilidade mais sustentável, com o intuito de reduzir os impactos
ambientais, económicos e sociais associados a uma mobilidade dominada pelo automóvel privado. Neste
contexto, os indicadores de mobilidade sustentável são vistos como uma importante ferramenta para as
cidades e autoridades locais, pois permitem acompanhar e avaliar o progresso das ações de políticas
com vista a alcançar os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável.
Com esta realidade em mente, o presente estudo pretende avaliar o índice de sustentabilidade da
mobilidade na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (AML), ao nível energético e ambiental através do cálculo
de dois indicadores, o de Eficiência Energética (MJ/pkm) e o de emissão de GEE (TonCO2eq/capita). O
primeiro indicador refere-se à energia final consumida pelas deslocações diárias inventariadas pelo
Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) em 2017. O segundo indicador refere-se às emissões atmosféricas
de GEE, compostas maioritariamente por CO2, CH4 e N2O, em ciclo de vida da eletricidade, gasóleo e
gasolina, de acordo com a frota circulante para transporte de passageiros referida no INE em 2017. Os
indicadores são calculados para esse ano e estimados até 2050 através da elaboração de quatro cenários
que promovam a transição energética na mobilidade, mais concretamente de eletrificação da frota
circulante de transportes da AML, de modo a comparar diferentes evoluções dos indicadores escolhidos
até 2050.
Os resultados mostram que, mantendo o nível de mobilidade, isto é, os passageiros quilómetro
transportados, e a população residente, os cenários de adoção massiva de veículos ligeiros de passageiros
elétricos puros (EVs) e de autocarros EVs, traduzem-se numa evolução muito positiva de ambos os
indicadores, reforçando a importância que uma transição energética no setor dos transportes terá na
sustentabilidade das cidades.
The transport sector represents a large weight in the final energy consumption, being responsible for about 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Thus, the promotion of a more sustainable mobility becomes inevitable, to reduce not only the environmental impacts, but also the economic and social impacts associated with a mobility dominated by the private car. In this context, sustainable mobility indicators are seen as an important tool for cities and local authorities to monitor and evaluate the progress of policy actions towards sustainable development goals. With this reality in mind, the present study intends to evaluate the sustainability index of mobility in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML), at the energy and environmental level through the calculation of two indicators, the Energy Efficiency (MJ/pkm) and the GHG emission (TonCO2eq/capita). The first indicator refers to the final energy consumed by daily commuting provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) in 2017. The second indicator refers to atmospheric GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) in life cycle of electricity, diesel and gasoline, according to the circulating fleet for passenger transport presented by INE in 2017. The indicators are calculated for that year and estimated until 2050 through the development of four scenarios that promote energy transition in mobility. Specifically, by electrification of the circulating fleet of transport in AML and comparing different evolutions of the chosen indicators until 2050. The results show that, keeping the level of mobility, i.e., passengers kilometers transported, the resident population, and starting from scenarios of massive adoption of pure electric passenger vehicles (EVs) and EV buses, a very positive evolution of both indicators is possible, reinforcing the importance that an energy transition in the transport sector will have in the sustainability of cities.
The transport sector represents a large weight in the final energy consumption, being responsible for about 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Thus, the promotion of a more sustainable mobility becomes inevitable, to reduce not only the environmental impacts, but also the economic and social impacts associated with a mobility dominated by the private car. In this context, sustainable mobility indicators are seen as an important tool for cities and local authorities to monitor and evaluate the progress of policy actions towards sustainable development goals. With this reality in mind, the present study intends to evaluate the sustainability index of mobility in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML), at the energy and environmental level through the calculation of two indicators, the Energy Efficiency (MJ/pkm) and the GHG emission (TonCO2eq/capita). The first indicator refers to the final energy consumed by daily commuting provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) in 2017. The second indicator refers to atmospheric GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) in life cycle of electricity, diesel and gasoline, according to the circulating fleet for passenger transport presented by INE in 2017. The indicators are calculated for that year and estimated until 2050 through the development of four scenarios that promote energy transition in mobility. Specifically, by electrification of the circulating fleet of transport in AML and comparing different evolutions of the chosen indicators until 2050. The results show that, keeping the level of mobility, i.e., passengers kilometers transported, the resident population, and starting from scenarios of massive adoption of pure electric passenger vehicles (EVs) and EV buses, a very positive evolution of both indicators is possible, reinforcing the importance that an energy transition in the transport sector will have in the sustainability of cities.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado Integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Eficiência energética Emissão de GEE Eletrificação da frota circulante Cenários Teses de mestrado - 2023