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Testing potential polymeric hydrogels for antimicrobials delivery
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Resumo(s)
Atualmente um dos maiores problemas que ameaça a saúde pública globalmente é o aumento das resistências microbianas surgindo a necessidade de desenvolver novas alternativas para combatê-las. A produção de hidrogeles com atividade antimicrobiana associada à impressão 3D poderá ser uma estratégia para combater esta necessidade de obter novas alternativas. O quitosano é um polímero que se destaca devido à sua elevada biocompatibilidade, demonstrando ter inúmeras aplicações na área da saúde. Contudo, estudos recentes relacionados com impressão 3D, apostam na utilização deste polímero em conjunção com outros materiais, e não na sua forma pura. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar a produção de hidrogeles de quitosano através de impressão 3D para perceber se é possível criar estruturas com boa qualidade de impressão de modo a poderem ser posteriormente utilizadas. Assim, foi produzido hidrogel de quitosano a 2,0% e a 2,5% (m/v) para a produção de “scaffolds” por um método de extrusão. A partir da análise do aspeto visual dos “scaffolds”, foi possível determinar que concentrações superiores de quitosano estão relacionadas com um aumento da “printability”, onde a concentração ideal encontrada foi de 2,5%. Em adição, determinou-se que os melhores resultados eram obtidos para uma “flow speed” de 0,15 mm.s-1 e uma “layer height” de 0,41 mm. A análise da viscosidade ao hidrogel de quitosano permitiu assegurar que este possui propriedades reológicas adequadas para a impressão 3D. Embora se tenha determinado a concentração e os parâmetros ideais para o quitosano, a aparência dos “scaffolds” obtidos ficou aquém do que era desejada. Assim, uma nova formulação foi proposta através da adição de amido a 2,5% de quitosano. Para estudar a concentração ideal de amido, foi proposto um desenho experimental. Determinou-se que a adição de amido a 10% em combinação com 2,5% de quitosano será a concentração ideal para melhorar a qualidade do “scaffold” obtido. Assim, a produção de hidrogeles com 2,5% de quitosano e 10 % de amido demonstrou ter uma elevada capacidade para a impressão de objetos por impressão 3D, revelando ter um elevado interesse para estudos posteriores relacionados com a resistência microbiana.
Currently, one of the biggest problems that threatens public health globally is the increase in microbial resistances, resulting in the need to develop new alternatives to fight them. The production of hydrogels with antimicrobial activity associated with 3D printing can be a solution to overcome this need for new alternatives. Chitosan is a polymer that stands out due to its high biocompatibility, demonstrating to have several applications in the health field. However, recent studies related with 3D printing use this polymer in conjunction with other materials, and not in its pure form. The objective of the present work is to study the production of chitosan hydrogels through 3D printing, to understand if it is possible to create structures with good printability to be further used. Thus, 2.0% and 2.5% (w/v) chitosan hydrogels were produced to create scaffolds through an extrusion method. From the analysis of the appearance of the scaffolds, it was possible to determine that higher concentrations of chitosan are related to an increase in printability, where the ideal concentration found was 2.5%. In addition, it was determined that the best results were obtained for a flow speed of 0.15 mm.s-1 and a layer height of 0.41 mm. The analysis of the viscosity of the chitosan hydrogel allowed to ensure that it has rheological properties suitable for 3D printing. Although the ideal concentration and parameters for chitosan were determined, the appearance of the obtained scaffolds was far from what was desired. Thus, a new formulation was proposed by adding starch to 2.5% chitosan. To study the ideal concentration of starch, an experimental design was proposed. It was determined that an addition of 10% starch in conjunction with 2.5% chitosan will be the most suitable concentration to improve the quality of the obtained scaffold. Thus, the production of hydrogels with 2.5% chitosan and 10% starch demonstrated a high capacity for printing objects through 3D printing, proving to be of great interest for further studies related with the antimicrobial resistance.
Currently, one of the biggest problems that threatens public health globally is the increase in microbial resistances, resulting in the need to develop new alternatives to fight them. The production of hydrogels with antimicrobial activity associated with 3D printing can be a solution to overcome this need for new alternatives. Chitosan is a polymer that stands out due to its high biocompatibility, demonstrating to have several applications in the health field. However, recent studies related with 3D printing use this polymer in conjunction with other materials, and not in its pure form. The objective of the present work is to study the production of chitosan hydrogels through 3D printing, to understand if it is possible to create structures with good printability to be further used. Thus, 2.0% and 2.5% (w/v) chitosan hydrogels were produced to create scaffolds through an extrusion method. From the analysis of the appearance of the scaffolds, it was possible to determine that higher concentrations of chitosan are related to an increase in printability, where the ideal concentration found was 2.5%. In addition, it was determined that the best results were obtained for a flow speed of 0.15 mm.s-1 and a layer height of 0.41 mm. The analysis of the viscosity of the chitosan hydrogel allowed to ensure that it has rheological properties suitable for 3D printing. Although the ideal concentration and parameters for chitosan were determined, the appearance of the obtained scaffolds was far from what was desired. Thus, a new formulation was proposed by adding starch to 2.5% chitosan. To study the ideal concentration of starch, an experimental design was proposed. It was determined that an addition of 10% starch in conjunction with 2.5% chitosan will be the most suitable concentration to improve the quality of the obtained scaffold. Thus, the production of hydrogels with 2.5% chitosan and 10% starch demonstrated a high capacity for printing objects through 3D printing, proving to be of great interest for further studies related with the antimicrobial resistance.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
3D printing Chitosan Hydrogel Printability Scaffold Mestrado integrado - 2022