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A presença da ausência : as crianças e os seus modos de viver e representar a família, entre Angola e Portugal
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Resumo(s)
Esta tese procura perceber o impacto das migrações nas relações familiares, tomando como ponto de partida as experiências de vida de crianças angolanas que vivem separadas dos seus pais migrantes em Portugal. Em especial, busca compreender se a migração de um progenitor afeta a representação de família que a criança possui. Articulando a perspetiva teórica das migrações, do transnacionalismo (característico das práticas migratórias contemporâneas), da sociologia da família e da infância, na qual a criança é tida como um ator participativo, com capacidade de agência e de influenciar o que a rodeia, o estudo debruça-se sobre os efeitos da mobilidade nas famílias, focando-se nas famílias transnacionais e dando o protagonismo às crianças. A investigação segue uma metodologia qualitativa e recorre a uma combinação de métodos e técnicas, onde se destaca o papel dos métodos criativos. Está assente em entrevistas, focus groups, assim como na elaboração de desenhos e colagens, aplicados a uma amostra de 38 crianças, com idades entre os 11 e os 14 anos. Os resultados apontam como consequência principal da ausência do progenitor a falta de proximidade afetiva entre a criança e o progenitor; a vivência em família alargada tem, contudo, um papel fundamental na minimização dos efeitos provocados pela distância. Os relatos das crianças reportam-se sobretudo a impactos afetivos da ausência. Não obstante não parecem existir grandes reconfigurações familiares decorrentes da migração, e o ideal de família permanece o de uma “família completa” e preferencialmente alargada. Estes resultados desafiam o discurso ocidental e etnocêntrico sobre a família e sobre as consequências da ausência dos progenitores na vida da criança, e questionam o conceito de família. Assim, procura-se dar um contributo à área de estudos da sociologia da família e da infância, nomeadamente na sua interacção com a vivência transnacional, desenvolver pistas de análise que facilitem a compreensão do impacto das migrações nas crianças e ajudar a compreender as repercussões que a mobilidade traz na organização da família cujos membros vivem separados geograficamente.
This thesis seeks to contribute to the understanding of the impact of migrations on family relationships, taking as a starting point the life experiences of Angolan children living separately from their migrant parents in Portugal. In particular, it seeks to understand if the migration of a parent affects the family representation that the child holds. Articulating the theoretical perspective of migrations, transnationalism (characteristic of contemporary migratory practices), sociology of family and sociology of childhood, in which the child is considered as a participatory actor, with the capacity of an agency and influencing what surrounds him, the study studies the effects of mobility on families, focusing on transnational ones, and giving children a leading role. The research follows a qualitative methodology and uses a combination of methods and techniques that highlight the role of creative methods. It is based on interviews, focus groups, as well as drawing and collage, applied to a sample of 38 children, aged between 11 and 14 years. The results point to the lack of affective proximity between the child and the parent as the main consequence of the absence of the parent, however, the extended family experience has a fundamental role in minimizing the effects caused by distance. The children report mainly affective impacts of their parents' absence. Nevertheless, there does not appear to be major family reconfigurations due to migration, and the family ideal remains "complete" and preferably extended. These results challenge Western and ethnocentric discourse about the family and the consequences of parental absence in the child's life, and question the concept of family. Thus, contributions are made to the study area of family and childhood sociology, namely in their interaction with the transnational experience, analysis is developed to facilitate understanding of the impact of migrations on children, and help is given in discerning the repercussions that mobility brings in the organization of the family whose members live geographically separated.
This thesis seeks to contribute to the understanding of the impact of migrations on family relationships, taking as a starting point the life experiences of Angolan children living separately from their migrant parents in Portugal. In particular, it seeks to understand if the migration of a parent affects the family representation that the child holds. Articulating the theoretical perspective of migrations, transnationalism (characteristic of contemporary migratory practices), sociology of family and sociology of childhood, in which the child is considered as a participatory actor, with the capacity of an agency and influencing what surrounds him, the study studies the effects of mobility on families, focusing on transnational ones, and giving children a leading role. The research follows a qualitative methodology and uses a combination of methods and techniques that highlight the role of creative methods. It is based on interviews, focus groups, as well as drawing and collage, applied to a sample of 38 children, aged between 11 and 14 years. The results point to the lack of affective proximity between the child and the parent as the main consequence of the absence of the parent, however, the extended family experience has a fundamental role in minimizing the effects caused by distance. The children report mainly affective impacts of their parents' absence. Nevertheless, there does not appear to be major family reconfigurations due to migration, and the family ideal remains "complete" and preferably extended. These results challenge Western and ethnocentric discourse about the family and the consequences of parental absence in the child's life, and question the concept of family. Thus, contributions are made to the study area of family and childhood sociology, namely in their interaction with the transnational experience, analysis is developed to facilitate understanding of the impact of migrations on children, and help is given in discerning the repercussions that mobility brings in the organization of the family whose members live geographically separated.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Sociologia (Sociologia da Família, da Juventude e das Relações de Género), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2017
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2017