A carregar...
Publicação
Teoria do pensamento jurídico
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.07 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O Homem, na sua relação com o Mundo, procura compreendê-lo à sua medida. A medida da compreensão humana do Mundo consiste numa aproximação subjetiva à verdade. A propriedade natural mais relevante do Homem é a sua mente, capaz das maiores proezas intelectuais, das maiores descobertas científicas, mas também a fonte dos maiores erros e incertezas sobre o Mundo. A mente humana é, assim, o ponto de partida para a compreensão epistemológica da própria Ciência. Ela encerra os mistérios da compreensão humana e da possibilidade dos objetos da própria Ciência. Sendo o Direito o objeto da ciência jurídica, ao analisar-se a mente, descobre-se que este encerra um segredo inquietante: é que o Direito, verdadeiramente, não existe. Não existe como realidade objetiva, fora de certos estados mentais. O Direito constitui um puro ato da mente, cujo conteúdo material resulta de uma prática social geralmente aceite. A ideia de que essa prática social constitui o próprio Direito mais não é do que a expressão de uma pré-compreensão. Ao vivermos em sociedade, adquirimos certas pré-compreensões, das quais muito dificilmente abdicamos. Uma delas é a de que o Direito existe e que a sua validade deve ser procurada cientificamente. A Teoria do Pensamento Jurídico procura assim um novo olhar sobre o Direito, refletindo, numa evolução necessária, os dois axiomas fundamentais do positivismo jurídico: (i) que o Direito é um ato dos homens, (ii) e que a representação de uma norma jurídica não depende de considerações morais. Porém, o seu principal axioma é o de que a ciência jurídica, por si só, é incapaz de procurar uma resposta adequada para o problema do conceito de Direito. Para atingir esse objetivo, é necessário que a ciência jurídica trabalhe com o auxílio das ciências da mente.
In his relation with the world, man tries to understand it in his on measure. The measure of human comprehension of the world consists in a subjective approach to truth. The most important natural peculiarity of man is his mind, capable of great intellectual achievements, of the major scientific discoveries, but also a source of the biggest mistakes and uncertainties about the world. The human mind is, therefore, the starting point for an epistemological comprehension of science. The human mind encloses the mysteries of human understanding and the possibility of the objects of science. Because Law is the object of legal science, once we analyse the mind, we discover that it contains a disturbing secret: Law does not exist. It does not exist as an objective reality, that is, outside of certain mental states. Law is simply an act of the mind, its material content stems from a social practice that is generally accepted. The conception that social practices constitute the nature of Law is nothing more than a human preconceived idea. Since we live in a society, we acquire certain preconceived notions which we hardly discard. One of them is that Law exists and that we must seek the validity of Law scientifically. The Theory of Legal Thought searches for a new glance in legal theory, reflexing in an evolutionary way the two fundamental principles of legal positivism: (i) that Law is a human act, (ii) and that rule’s representation is independent from moral considerations. However, the most important principle sustained by the Theory of Legal Thought is that legal science alone is incapable of achieving an adequate solution for the problem of the concept of Law. In order to accomplish that goal, legal science has to work in alliance with the sciences of the mind.
In his relation with the world, man tries to understand it in his on measure. The measure of human comprehension of the world consists in a subjective approach to truth. The most important natural peculiarity of man is his mind, capable of great intellectual achievements, of the major scientific discoveries, but also a source of the biggest mistakes and uncertainties about the world. The human mind is, therefore, the starting point for an epistemological comprehension of science. The human mind encloses the mysteries of human understanding and the possibility of the objects of science. Because Law is the object of legal science, once we analyse the mind, we discover that it contains a disturbing secret: Law does not exist. It does not exist as an objective reality, that is, outside of certain mental states. Law is simply an act of the mind, its material content stems from a social practice that is generally accepted. The conception that social practices constitute the nature of Law is nothing more than a human preconceived idea. Since we live in a society, we acquire certain preconceived notions which we hardly discard. One of them is that Law exists and that we must seek the validity of Law scientifically. The Theory of Legal Thought searches for a new glance in legal theory, reflexing in an evolutionary way the two fundamental principles of legal positivism: (i) that Law is a human act, (ii) and that rule’s representation is independent from moral considerations. However, the most important principle sustained by the Theory of Legal Thought is that legal science alone is incapable of achieving an adequate solution for the problem of the concept of Law. In order to accomplish that goal, legal science has to work in alliance with the sciences of the mind.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Direito (Ciências Jurídico-Políticas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2018
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2018