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Reabilitação oral em pessoas com deficiência: estudo exploratório
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Introdução: Nos últimos anos foi notório o empenho crescente da comunidade científica no estudo da saúde oral das pessoas com deficiência, um grupo diversificado com necessidades médico-dentárias complexas e frequentemente negligenciadas. Este estudo visa analisar a cavidade oral, o estado das reabilitações existentes, a satisfação dos adultos com as mesmas e as razões para a inexistência de reabilitações em indivíduos com deficiência com espaços edêntulos.
Materiais e Métodos: O estudo observacional abrangeu 99 adultos com deficiência de sete instituições da região de Lisboa. Uma examinadora treinada realizou observações intraorais e foram aplicados questionários aos pais/tutores e em alguns casos oralmente aos próprios participantes. As questões eram relativas à autonomia e hábitos na higiene oral, possíveis queixas relacionadas com as próteses e os motivos para a ausência das mesmas nos adultos com espaços edêntulos.
Resultados: Os participantes foram divididos em três grupos de deficiência (intelectual, motora e ambas). A observação revelou prevalência de problemas orais como a cárie dentária (4.8%), bruxismo (19.2%) e dentes ausentes (33.4%). A maioria (78.8%) realiza a escovagem dentária duas ou mais vezes por dia, embora 4% dos indivíduos com deficiência não o faça regularmente. Todos os adultos tinham falta de uma ou mais peças dentárias, contudo somente 21 (21.2%) apresentaram algum tipo de reabilitação oral. De modo geral, referiram uma adaptação satisfatória às próteses, porém alguns adultos assinalaram queixas, como dor e acumulação de alimentos nas próteses removíveis. Os motivos para a inexistência de reabilitação foram sobretudo a falta de necessidade (26,9%) e questões financeiras (25,6%).
Conclusões: A amostra revelou uma diversidade nas condições orais dos participantes, com prevalência significativa de dentes perdidos e próteses parciais acrílicas como reabilitação mais comum. A necessidade de melhorias nos cuidados de higiene oral, especialmente para com as próteses removíveis foi evidente.
Introduction: In recent years, the scientific community has become increasingly committed to studying the oral health of people with disabilities, a diverse group with complex and often neglected medical and dental needs. This study aims to analyze the oral cavity, the state of existing rehabilitations, adult satisfaction with them and the reasons for the lack of rehabilitations in disabled individuals with edentulous spaces. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 99 disabled adults from seven Lisbon institutions. A trained examiner carried out intraoral observations and questionnaires were administered to parents/tutors and in some cases orally to the participants themselves. The questions concerned autonomy and oral hygiene habits, possible prosthesis-related complaints and the reasons for the absence of prostheses in adults with edentulous spaces. Results: The participants were divided into three disability groups (intellectual, motor and both). Observation revealed a prevalence of oral problems such as dental caries (4.8%), bruxism (19.2%) and missing teeth (33.4%). The majority (78.8%) brushed their teeth two or more times a day, although 4% of disabled individuals did not do so regularly. All the adults were missing one or more teeth, but only 21 (21.2%) had undergone some kind of oral rehabilitation. In general, they reported a satisfactory adaptation to the prostheses, but some adults reported complaints such as pain and food accumulation in the removable prostheses. The reasons for not having rehabilitation were mainly lack of need (26.9%) and financial issues (25.6%). Conclusions: The sample revealed a diversity in the oral conditions of the participants, with a significant prevalence of missing teeth and acrylic partial dentures as the most common rehabilitation. The need for improvements in oral hygiene care, especially for removable prostheses was evident.
Introduction: In recent years, the scientific community has become increasingly committed to studying the oral health of people with disabilities, a diverse group with complex and often neglected medical and dental needs. This study aims to analyze the oral cavity, the state of existing rehabilitations, adult satisfaction with them and the reasons for the lack of rehabilitations in disabled individuals with edentulous spaces. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 99 disabled adults from seven Lisbon institutions. A trained examiner carried out intraoral observations and questionnaires were administered to parents/tutors and in some cases orally to the participants themselves. The questions concerned autonomy and oral hygiene habits, possible prosthesis-related complaints and the reasons for the absence of prostheses in adults with edentulous spaces. Results: The participants were divided into three disability groups (intellectual, motor and both). Observation revealed a prevalence of oral problems such as dental caries (4.8%), bruxism (19.2%) and missing teeth (33.4%). The majority (78.8%) brushed their teeth two or more times a day, although 4% of disabled individuals did not do so regularly. All the adults were missing one or more teeth, but only 21 (21.2%) had undergone some kind of oral rehabilitation. In general, they reported a satisfactory adaptation to the prostheses, but some adults reported complaints such as pain and food accumulation in the removable prostheses. The reasons for not having rehabilitation were mainly lack of need (26.9%) and financial issues (25.6%). Conclusions: The sample revealed a diversity in the oral conditions of the participants, with a significant prevalence of missing teeth and acrylic partial dentures as the most common rehabilitation. The need for improvements in oral hygiene care, especially for removable prostheses was evident.
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Teses de mestrado - 2024 Saúde Oral