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Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe

2022Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMarchi, Mattia
dc.contributor.authorMagarini, Federica Maria
dc.contributor.authorChiarenza, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorGaleazzi, Gian Maria
dc.contributor.authorPaloma, Virginia
dc.contributor.authorGarrido, Rocío
dc.contributor.authorIoannidi, Elisabeth
dc.contributor.authorVassilikou, Katerina
dc.contributor.authorMatos, Margarida Gaspar de
dc.contributor.authorGaspar, Tania
dc.contributor.authorGuedes, Fábio Botelho
dc.contributor.authorPrimdahl, Nina Langer
dc.contributor.authorSkovdal, Morten
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorDurbeej, Natalie
dc.contributor.authorOsman, Fatumo
dc.contributor.authorWatters, Charles
dc.contributor.authorvan den Muijsenbergh, Maria
dc.contributor.authorSturm, Gesine
dc.contributor.authorOulahal, Rachid
dc.contributor.authorPadilla, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorWillems, Sara
dc.contributor.authorSpiritus-Beerden, Eva
dc.contributor.authorVerelst, An
dc.contributor.authorDerluyn, Ilse
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-24T12:50:35Z
dc.date.available2022-06-24T12:50:35Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately hard impact on refugees and other migrants who are often exposed to the virus with limited means to protect themselves. We tested the hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, refugees and other migrants have suffered a negative impact on mental health and have been unjustly discriminated for spreading the disease in Europe (data collection from April to November 2020). Methods: Participants in the ApartTogether Survey (N = 8297, after listwise deletion of missing items final N = 3940) provided data regarding to their difficulties to adhere to preventive recommendations against COVID-19 infection (CARE), self-perceived stigmatization (SS), and psychological distress (PD). Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate PD as a mediator in the pathway linking CARE to SS, while adjusting for the housing and residence status. To improve confidence in the findings, single hold-out sample cross-validation was performed using a train/test split ratio of 0.8/0.2. Results: In the exploratory set (N = 3159) SS was associated with both CARE (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) and PD (B = 0.455, p < 0.001). Moreover, PD was also associated with CARE (B = 0.094, p = 0.001) and mediated the effect of CARE on SS (proportion mediated = 17.7%, p = 0.001). The results were successfully replicated in the confirmation set (N = 781; total effect = 0.417, p < 0.001; proportion mediated = 29.7%, p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses also found evidence for an opposite effect (i.e., from SS to CARE, B = 0.132; p < 0.001), suggesting that there might be a vicious circle between the self-perceived stigmatization and the access to health care and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Refugees and other migrants who had more difficulties in accessing health care and preventive measures against COVID-19 infection experienced worse mental health and increased discrimination. These negative effects appeared to be stronger for those with more insecure housing and residence status, highlighting from one side the specific risk of insecure housing in the impact of COVID-19 upon mental health and infection protection, and for another side the need to proper housing as a strategy to prevent both COVID-19 and mental distress.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 101016233 and from the World Health Organization. Fábio Botelho Guedes has a FCT scholarship (SFRH/BD/148299/2019).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationBMC Public Health. 2022 May 11;22(1):942pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12889-022-13370-ypt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1471-2458
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/53483
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherSpringer Naturept_PT
dc.relationPais na Escola: Promoção de ambientes favoráveis ao bem-estar e ao desenvolvimento pessoal, social e académico dos alunos através do aumento das sinergias professores-pais-alunos
dc.relationPan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and Epidemics
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectCOVID-19pt_PT
dc.subjectMental healthpt_PT
dc.subjectMigrantspt_PT
dc.subjectPublic healthpt_PT
dc.subjectSocial stigmapt_PT
dc.titleExperience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitlePais na Escola: Promoção de ambientes favoráveis ao bem-estar e ao desenvolvimento pessoal, social e académico dos alunos através do aumento das sinergias professores-pais-alunos
oaire.awardTitlePan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and Epidemics
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/OE/SFRH%2FBD%2F148299%2F2019/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101016233/EU
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleBMC Public Healthpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume22pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamOE
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
person.familyNameGaspar de Matos
person.familyNameGaspar
person.familyNameBotelho Guedes
person.givenNameMargarida
person.givenNameTania
person.givenNameFábio
person.identifierH-3824-2012
person.identifier1015809
person.identifier.ciencia-idC319-629F-67E9
person.identifier.ciencia-id3811-05D5-7235
person.identifier.ciencia-id6F1A-412C-1E8D
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2114-2350
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9616-0441
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8291-1921
person.identifier.ridJ-6785-2012
person.identifier.scopus-author-id15076750500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id26539792600
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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