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Rastreio de agentes parasitários em Palanca Negra Gigante (Hippotragus niger variani) em Angola
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Resumo(s)
A república democrática de Angola é considerada um dos países africanos mais ricos em biodiversidade, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o estado de conservação e/ou degradação da sua flora e fauna, sendo esperado que a maioria das mesmas sejam classificadas pela IUCN como vulneráveis, ameaçadas ou criticamente ameaçadas, incluindo a Palanca negra gigante, o alvo deste estudo. Este contraste é muitas vezes justificado pelos longos anos de guerra que assolaram o pais e demonstra a importância da realização de estudos como este.
A Palanca Negra Gigante (Hippotragus niger variani) trata-se de uma subespécie da Palanca Negra (Hippotragus niger) que ao habitar unicamente duas pequenas áreas em Angola, mais especificamente o Parque Nacional da Cangandala e a Reserva Natural Integral do Luando, ambas situadas na província de Malange, é considerada o símbolo nacional de Angola. Assim, visando a caracterização da sua fauna parasitológica, foi realizada com total apoio do INBAC a colheita de 46 amostras de fezes para posterior análise no Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças parasitárias da Faculdade Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa.
Os resultados demonstraram a presença de formas parasitárias em 78,3% (36/46) das amostras, mais concretamente 67,4% continham Muellerius sp., 17,4% continham Trichuris sp., 10,9% Cooperia sp. e Oesophagostomum sp. em 2,2%. Das 36 amostras positivas verificou-se a presença de Muellerius sp. em 86,1%, Trichuris sp. em 22,2%, Cooperia sp. em 13,9% e Oesophagostomum sp. em 2,8%. Os resultados do método de McMaster foram considerados todos negativos, sugerindo uma taxa de excreção entre 0 e 50 OPG.
Por falta de estudos sobre a espécie e subespécie, os resultados do presente estudo, foram comparados com estudos de outros animais pertencentes à subfamília Hippotraginae. Verificou-se que, apesar de não ter sido possível estabelecer um padrão de parasitismo, estes pareciam estar de acordo, quer a nível de prevalências quer a nível de géneros identificados, com o que é descrito por outros autores em estudos semelhantes, à exceção de Muellerius sp. que nunca tinha sido descrito.
O facto de todos os parasitas identificados serem considerados pouco patogénicos e os resultados do método de McMaster sugerirem uma baixa carga parasitária dos indivíduos, levam a crer que que o parasitismo gastrointestinal tenha apenas um papel secundário na taxa de mortalidade das palancas, ao contrário do que foi sugerido por alguns autores.
ABSTRACT - The Democratic Republic of Angola is considered one of the richest African countries in terms of biodiversity. However, little is known about the state of conservation and/or degradation of its flora and fauna, and it’s expected that most of them are classified by the IUCN as vulnerable , threatened or critically endangered, including the giant sable, the aim of this study. This discrepancy is often justified by the long years of war that devastated the country and proves the importance of conducting studies such as this one. The giant sable (Hippotragus niger variani) is one of the subspecies of the sable (Hippotragus niger) and because it inhabits only two small areas in Angola, more specifically the Cangandala National Park and the Luando Integral Natural Reserve, both located in the Malange province, is considered the national symbol of Angola. Therefore, in order to characterize its parasitological fauna, the collection of 46 fecal samples was carried out with the full support of the INBAC for further analysis in the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon. The results revealed the presence of parasitic forms in 78.3% (36/46) of the samples, more specifically: 67.4% contained Muellerius sp., 17.4% contained Trichuris sp., 10.9% contained Cooperia sp. and 2,2% contained Oesophagostomum sp. Out of the 36 positive samples, 86,1% were infected with Muellerius sp., 22,2% with Trichuris sp., 13,9% with Cooperia sp. and 2,8% with Oesophagostomum sp. The results of the McMaster method were considered negative, suggesting a very low egg shedding rate, between 0 and 50 EPG. Due to the lack of studies about the species and subspecies in question, the results of the present study were compared with studies of other animals belonging to the subfamily Hippotraginae. Although it was not possible to establish a pattern of parasitism, it was found that this appeared to be in agreement with the described by other authors in other studies, both for prevalence and identified genera, except for Muellerius sp., which had never been described previously in this ungulate. The fact that all identified parasites are considered poorly pathogenic and the McMaster negative results, suggest a low parasitic burden of the individuals, leading us to believe that gastrointestinal parasitism only plays a secondary role in the mortality rate of the sables, contrary to what has been suggested by some authors.
ABSTRACT - The Democratic Republic of Angola is considered one of the richest African countries in terms of biodiversity. However, little is known about the state of conservation and/or degradation of its flora and fauna, and it’s expected that most of them are classified by the IUCN as vulnerable , threatened or critically endangered, including the giant sable, the aim of this study. This discrepancy is often justified by the long years of war that devastated the country and proves the importance of conducting studies such as this one. The giant sable (Hippotragus niger variani) is one of the subspecies of the sable (Hippotragus niger) and because it inhabits only two small areas in Angola, more specifically the Cangandala National Park and the Luando Integral Natural Reserve, both located in the Malange province, is considered the national symbol of Angola. Therefore, in order to characterize its parasitological fauna, the collection of 46 fecal samples was carried out with the full support of the INBAC for further analysis in the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon. The results revealed the presence of parasitic forms in 78.3% (36/46) of the samples, more specifically: 67.4% contained Muellerius sp., 17.4% contained Trichuris sp., 10.9% contained Cooperia sp. and 2,2% contained Oesophagostomum sp. Out of the 36 positive samples, 86,1% were infected with Muellerius sp., 22,2% with Trichuris sp., 13,9% with Cooperia sp. and 2,8% with Oesophagostomum sp. The results of the McMaster method were considered negative, suggesting a very low egg shedding rate, between 0 and 50 EPG. Due to the lack of studies about the species and subspecies in question, the results of the present study were compared with studies of other animals belonging to the subfamily Hippotraginae. Although it was not possible to establish a pattern of parasitism, it was found that this appeared to be in agreement with the described by other authors in other studies, both for prevalence and identified genera, except for Muellerius sp., which had never been described previously in this ungulate. The fact that all identified parasites are considered poorly pathogenic and the McMaster negative results, suggest a low parasitic burden of the individuals, leading us to believe that gastrointestinal parasitism only plays a secondary role in the mortality rate of the sables, contrary to what has been suggested by some authors.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Hippotragus niger variani Palanca Negra Gigante Palanca Real Nematoda Strongylida Enoplida Cangandala Luando Angola Royal Sable Giant Sable Enoplida Cangandala
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Daniel, V.A. (2018). Rastreio de agentes parasitários em Palanca Negra Gigante (Hippotragus niger variani) em Angola. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária