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O cancro é uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo, que inicia com a perda da função dos genes reguladores do ciclo celular por fatores ambientais e/ou internos.
A proteína supressora de tumores p53, também conhecida como "guardiã do genoma", desempenha um papel fundamental no controlo do ciclo celular e na integridade do DNA, bem como outras funções celulares importantes. Para além disso, o especial interesse nesta proteína está relacionado com a sua inativação direta ou indireta em cerca de 50% das doenças malignas. Esta inativação é devido à presença de mutações no gene Tp53 ou pela elevada expressão dos seus reguladores negativos (MDM2 e MDMX). Por essa razão, desde a descoberta da proteína supressora de tumores p53, em 1979, esta tem sido objeto de intensa pesquisa e é considerada um alvo importante e desafiador na terapia contra o cancro.
Até ao momento várias classes de pequenas moléculas foram identificadas como potentes, seletivas e eficientes inibidores p53-MDM2. Para além disso, a inibição dual da interação p53-MDM2/MDMX mostrou ser uma abordagem alternativa, uma vez que resulta em ativação total da via dependente p53. O conhecimento dos requisitos estruturais cruciais para o desenvolvimento de inibidores de pequenas moléculas das interações p53-MDMs possibilitou a identificação de novos agentes antitumorais com maior eficácia in vivo.
Esta revisão, resume as principais abordagens de otimização que estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento e preparação de pequenas moléculas com capacidade de ativação e reativação da função supressora de tumor p53.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which begins with the loss of the function of cell cycle regulatory genes due to environmental and/or internal factors. Tumor suppressor protein p53, also known as "guardian of the genome", plays a key role in cell cycle control and DNA integrity, as well as other important cellular functions. Furthermore, the special interest in this protein is related to its direct or indirect inactivation in about 50% of malignant diseases. This inactivation is due to the presence of mutations in the Tp53 gene or the high expression of its negative regulators (MDM2 and MDMX). For this reason, since the discovery of the p53 tumor suppressor protein in 1979, it has been the subject of intense research and is considered an important and challenging target in cancer therapy. To date, several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective and efficient p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Besides this, dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction was shown to be an alternative approach, as it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. Knowledge of the crucial structural requirements for the development of small molecule inhibitors of p53-MDM interactions enabled the identification of new antitumor agents with greater efficacy in vivo. This review summarizes the main optimization approaches that are involved in the development and preparation of small molecules capable of activating and reactivating the p53 tumor suppressor function.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which begins with the loss of the function of cell cycle regulatory genes due to environmental and/or internal factors. Tumor suppressor protein p53, also known as "guardian of the genome", plays a key role in cell cycle control and DNA integrity, as well as other important cellular functions. Furthermore, the special interest in this protein is related to its direct or indirect inactivation in about 50% of malignant diseases. This inactivation is due to the presence of mutations in the Tp53 gene or the high expression of its negative regulators (MDM2 and MDMX). For this reason, since the discovery of the p53 tumor suppressor protein in 1979, it has been the subject of intense research and is considered an important and challenging target in cancer therapy. To date, several classes of small molecules have been identified as potent, selective and efficient p53-MDM2 inhibitors. Besides this, dual inhibition of the p53-MDM2/MDMX interaction was shown to be an alternative approach, as it results in full activation of the p53-dependent pathway. Knowledge of the crucial structural requirements for the development of small molecule inhibitors of p53-MDM interactions enabled the identification of new antitumor agents with greater efficacy in vivo. This review summarizes the main optimization approaches that are involved in the development and preparation of small molecules capable of activating and reactivating the p53 tumor suppressor function.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Cancro Agentes anticancerígenos Química medicinal p53 Desenho de fármacos Mestrado integrado - 2021
