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O uso de águas residuais recicladas : contributo para a perspetiva jurídica de uma política pública
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O surgimento do Regime Jurídico das Águas para Reutilização (RJApR) no
ordenamento jurídico veio a colmatar as falhas jurídicas do procedimento de produção e utilização de águas residuais, tornando-se um complemento e um regime sujeito ao RGGR.
Para o estudo deste regime, procederei, primeiramente, à análise do conceito de água residual enquanto resíduo e a sua relação com os conceitos referidos no RGGR. Farei, também, uma análise das possibilidades, vantagens e inconvenientes associados às Águas para Reutilização (ApR), bem como uma breve comparação com a dessalinização e a criação de barragens, visto serem as alternativas que surgem quando se discutem “novas” fontes de água. Posteriormente, explorarei a forma como o legislador programou o RJApR. Para tal, é também enunciado o contexto hídrico português e o contexto histórico das Águas para Reutilização
Em seguida, segue uma análise geral do RJApR com foque nas questões jurídicas que me parecem merecer uma reavaliação, como é o exemplo da inconstitucionalidade presente no art. 5.º e os conceitos de Reutilização e Reciclagem/Recirculação. O processo de licenciamento, avaliação do risco e da fiscalização será também estudado.
Contextualmente importante é a análise internacional e europeia das ApR– com um balanço das leis e regimes em vigor nos Estados-membros, seguida de umas notas sobre a escolha do Regulamento para legislar a temática e algumas normas sobre o regulamento que entrará em vigor em 2023.
Por fim, examinarei as ApR no âmbito da Economia Circular, do Regime Económico e Financeiro dos Recursos Hídricos e do Regime Tarifário que lhes poderá ser aplicado.
Finalmente, deixarei algumas notas sobre a desclassificação dos resíduos, visto que nem o legislador português nem o europeu resolveram a questão. O RGGR rejeita a aplicação das desclassificações de resíduo às ApR e, erradamente, encontramos na lei portuguesa algumas referências às ApR enquanto sendo um subproduto (ideia que também se reflete no PEENSAR). A análise dos requisitos demonstrará que as ApR não podem ser um subproduto.
The emergence of the Wastewater Reuse Regime in the Portuguese legal system came to fill the legal flaws in the procedure for the production and use of wastewater, becoming a complement and a regime subject to the Waste Management Law. For the study of this regime, the concept of wastewater as waste will first be analyzed, as well as its relationship with the concepts referred to in the Wastewater Reuse Regime. There will also be an analysis of the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages associated with wastewater reuse, as well as a brief comparison with desalination and the creation of dams, since they are the alternatives that arise when discussing “new” sources of water. Subsequently, the way the legislator programmed the Wastewater Reuse Regime will be studied. To this end, the water context in Portugal and the historical context of the water reuse are also enunciated. Then, the general regime will be taken into consideration, with special focus on legal issues that seem to me to be reassessed, such as the article 5, that does not comply with the Portuguese Constitution and the concepts of Reuse and Recycling / Recirculation. The licensing process, risk assessment and inspection, will also be studied. Contextually important is the analysis of the International and European context, that will be centered around the study of the laws and regimes of the European Member States, followed by the examination of the adoption of a Regulation to rule this theme. I will also explore some rules on the regulation that will come into force in 2023. Finally, I will assess the Treated Wastewater within the scope of the Circular Economy, the economic and financial regime of water resources and the tariff regime that may be applied to them. In conclusion, I will draw some notes on the declassification of waste, since neither the Portuguese nor the European law solve this issue. The Wastewater Reuse Law rejects the application of waste declassifications to wastewater and, wrongly, we find some references to wastewater for Reuse in the Portuguese law being considered a by-product (an idea that is also reflected in PEENSAR). The study of the requirements will demonstrate that Treated Wastewater cannot be a by-product.
The emergence of the Wastewater Reuse Regime in the Portuguese legal system came to fill the legal flaws in the procedure for the production and use of wastewater, becoming a complement and a regime subject to the Waste Management Law. For the study of this regime, the concept of wastewater as waste will first be analyzed, as well as its relationship with the concepts referred to in the Wastewater Reuse Regime. There will also be an analysis of the possibilities, advantages and disadvantages associated with wastewater reuse, as well as a brief comparison with desalination and the creation of dams, since they are the alternatives that arise when discussing “new” sources of water. Subsequently, the way the legislator programmed the Wastewater Reuse Regime will be studied. To this end, the water context in Portugal and the historical context of the water reuse are also enunciated. Then, the general regime will be taken into consideration, with special focus on legal issues that seem to me to be reassessed, such as the article 5, that does not comply with the Portuguese Constitution and the concepts of Reuse and Recycling / Recirculation. The licensing process, risk assessment and inspection, will also be studied. Contextually important is the analysis of the International and European context, that will be centered around the study of the laws and regimes of the European Member States, followed by the examination of the adoption of a Regulation to rule this theme. I will also explore some rules on the regulation that will come into force in 2023. Finally, I will assess the Treated Wastewater within the scope of the Circular Economy, the economic and financial regime of water resources and the tariff regime that may be applied to them. In conclusion, I will draw some notes on the declassification of waste, since neither the Portuguese nor the European law solve this issue. The Wastewater Reuse Law rejects the application of waste declassifications to wastewater and, wrongly, we find some references to wastewater for Reuse in the Portuguese law being considered a by-product (an idea that is also reflected in PEENSAR). The study of the requirements will demonstrate that Treated Wastewater cannot be a by-product.
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Direito do ambiente Política do ambiente Tratamento de águas residuais Resíduos Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2021