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Authors
Abstract(s)
A olivicultura desempenha um importante papel na agricultura de Portugal e os azeites produzidos têm elevada qualidade, reconhecida nacional e internacionalmente, ocupando o país a posição de quarto produtor na Europa e sexto a nível mundial. Nos últimos anos registou-se um elevado crescimento de grandes extensões de olivais em sebe, sobretudo no Alentejo, mas igualmente o abandono de muitas pequenas e médias explorações de baixa densidade e tradicionais, com consequências negativas que se fazem sentir nas áreas do ambiente, da economia e social. Tem-se vindo a admitir que um processo de digitalização aplicado em todas as fases da cadeia de valor, tirando partido de tecnologias a que até há pouco só as grandes explorações podiam aspirar, pode viabilizar a manutenção deste segmento, desde que devidamente planeado e dimensionado.
No entanto, tendo em conta as características do setor, que é descrito e caracterizado com base em dados estatísticos e em inquéritos realizados, não será suficiente a disponibilidade de tecnologias, pelo que são propostas nesta dissertação algumas possíveis soluções, para diversas outras dificuldades e desafios que se colocam, como a idade dos olivicultores e a pequena dimensão das propriedades, que se refletem no comportamento do índice de apetência tecnológica (IAT) criado para esta análise, a falta de atratividade para jovens, ou a pressão de grandes proprietários/empresas para integração das pequenas propriedades em explorações cada vez maiores de monoculturas superintensivas.
Conclui-se no final que, com um processo de inovação bem dimensionado e planeado, por vezes disruptivo em relação a algumas práticas anteriores, como ações de formação standard, financiamentos demasiado burocratizados e modelos tradicionais de certificação, será possível manter pequenos e médios olivais com cultivares autóctones e práticas tradicionais, indispensáveis para a produção de azeites excecionais que constituem uma mais-valia para o país, e que nele têm impactos ambientais, económicos e sociais demasiado importantes para serem ignorados.
Olive growing plays an important role in Portuguese agriculture, and olive oils produced are of high quality, nationally and internationally recognised, making the country the fourth largest producer in Europe and the sixth largest worldwide. In recent years, there has been a significant growth of large olive grove areas, particularly in Alentejo, but also the abandonment of many small and medium-sized traditional farms, which has had a negative impact on environmental, economic and social areas. It was mentioned that a digitalization process that extends across all stages of the value chain and makes use of technologies that until recently were only sought by large agricultural farms can, with appropriate planning and dimensioning, enable the preservation of this segment. However, given the characteristics of the sector, described and characterized based on the statistical data and surveys conducted, the availability of technologies alone is not enough. Therefore, this dissertation proposes some possible solutions to several other difficulties and challenges, such as the age of farmers and the small size of properties, which are reflected in the behaviour of the technological uptake index (IAT) created for this purpose, the lack of attractiveness to young people, or the pressure from large landowners or companies to integrate small properties into farms with increasingly larger areas of super-intensive monocultures. It is concluded that, with a well-sized and planned innovation process, which can sometimes be disruptive compared to some previous practices, such as standard training measures, excessively bureaucratic financing, and traditional certification models, it will be possible to maintain small and medium-sized olive groves with their autochthonous cultivars and traditional practices, essential to the production of exceptional olive oils which add value to the country, and have an environmental, economic, and social impact too significant to ignore.
Olive growing plays an important role in Portuguese agriculture, and olive oils produced are of high quality, nationally and internationally recognised, making the country the fourth largest producer in Europe and the sixth largest worldwide. In recent years, there has been a significant growth of large olive grove areas, particularly in Alentejo, but also the abandonment of many small and medium-sized traditional farms, which has had a negative impact on environmental, economic and social areas. It was mentioned that a digitalization process that extends across all stages of the value chain and makes use of technologies that until recently were only sought by large agricultural farms can, with appropriate planning and dimensioning, enable the preservation of this segment. However, given the characteristics of the sector, described and characterized based on the statistical data and surveys conducted, the availability of technologies alone is not enough. Therefore, this dissertation proposes some possible solutions to several other difficulties and challenges, such as the age of farmers and the small size of properties, which are reflected in the behaviour of the technological uptake index (IAT) created for this purpose, the lack of attractiveness to young people, or the pressure from large landowners or companies to integrate small properties into farms with increasingly larger areas of super-intensive monocultures. It is concluded that, with a well-sized and planned innovation process, which can sometimes be disruptive compared to some previous practices, such as standard training measures, excessively bureaucratic financing, and traditional certification models, it will be possible to maintain small and medium-sized olive groves with their autochthonous cultivars and traditional practices, essential to the production of exceptional olive oils which add value to the country, and have an environmental, economic, and social impact too significant to ignore.
Description
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de Lisboa
Keywords
adoção de inovações agricultura de precisão cadeia de valor do azeite digitalização olivicultura adoption of innovations digitalization olive farming olive oil value chain precision agriculture
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Barroso, J.P.V.N. Digitalização e Agricultura 4.0 aplicadas a pequenos olivicultores e lagares em Portugal. As vantagens, a metodologia, as dificuldades e os desafios. Lisboa: ISA, 2024, 119 p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa