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Sistema de monitorização energética e comportamental SMEC: caracterização do comportamento adaptativo humano e influência no conforto e consumo de energia de um gabinete
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Resumo(s)
A melhoria da eficiência energética é uma das principais estratégias para mitigar as alterações climáticas, passando pela redução do consumo de energia fóssil e emissão de Gases de efeito de estufa [1]. Para melhorar a eficiência energética nos edifícios há que ter em conta o binómio conforto vs consumo energético, no entanto este ainda se revela difícil de alcançar uma vez que na maioria dos casos a arquitetura não está adaptada a proporcionar condições de conforto com baixas necessidades energéticas. Por outro lado, a sensação de conforto é subjetiva e muito dependente dos ocupantes. Nos edifícios passivos, a possibilidade dos ocupantes se adaptarem permite gamas de conforto mais alargados do que em edifícios com ar-condicionado, em muito baseadas no ambiente exterior e nas expectativas do utilizador. Nos edifícios passivos e atendendo às condições de conforto adaptativo, podem observar-se poupanças de energia de 50%. Nesta tese, de forma a contribuir para caraterizar o comportamento adaptativo humano e perceber como este vai influenciar o conforto e o consumo energético foi desenvolvido o SMEC- Sistema de Monitorização Energética e Comportamental, um sistema de baixo custo, que visa monitorizar os mecanismos de adaptação utilizados pelo ocupante no seu gabinete de trabalho, tais como a proteção solar de vãos envidraçados, abertura e fecho de janelas e porta, iluminação artificial, etc. O SMEC monitoriza também grandezas relevantes para a o conforto dos ocupantes (condições termo-higrométricas interiores, iluminância e concentração de CO2) e os consumos de energia (equipamentos ou iluminação). Nesta tese procedeu-se à validação do SMEC por observação e comparação com equipamentos calibrados e monitorizou-se o comportamento adaptativo durante 16 dias. Os resultados obtidos permitiram evidenciar a validade do SMEC para caracterizar o comportamento adaptativo e permitiu identificar alguns padrões de comportamento e adaptação do ocupante.
One of the main strategies to mitigate climate change is to increase the energy efficiency, by reducing fossil energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases [1]. In order to increase energy efficiency in buildings without decrease the user comfort, it is necessary to take into account the binomial comfort vs energy consumption, however, this challenge proves difficult to achieve since in most cases the architecture is not adapted to provide comfort conditions with low energy needs. On the other hand, the feeling of comfort is subjective and very dependent on the occupants. In passive buildings, the ability of occupants to adapt allows for wider comfort ranges than in an air-conditioned building, largely based on the outside environment and user expectations. In passive buildings, concerning the conditions of adaptive comfort, energy savings of 50% can be observed. In this thesis, to characterize human adaptive behavior and to understand how this will influence comfort and energy consumption, the SMEC- Energy and Behavior Monitoring System was developed, a low-cost system that aims to monitor the mechanisms of adaptation used by the occupant in his / her workroom, such as windows glazing, opening and closing of windows and doors, artificial lighting, etc. The SMEC also monitors relevant quantities for occupant comfort (indoor thermo-hygrometric conditions, illuminance, and CO2 concentration) and energy consumption (equipment or lighting). In this thesis, the SMEC was validated by observation and comparison with calibrated equipment and the adaptive behavior was monitored for 16 days. The results obtained showed the validity of the SMEC to characterize the adaptive behavior, since it has been possible to identify some patterns of adaptation.
One of the main strategies to mitigate climate change is to increase the energy efficiency, by reducing fossil energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases [1]. In order to increase energy efficiency in buildings without decrease the user comfort, it is necessary to take into account the binomial comfort vs energy consumption, however, this challenge proves difficult to achieve since in most cases the architecture is not adapted to provide comfort conditions with low energy needs. On the other hand, the feeling of comfort is subjective and very dependent on the occupants. In passive buildings, the ability of occupants to adapt allows for wider comfort ranges than in an air-conditioned building, largely based on the outside environment and user expectations. In passive buildings, concerning the conditions of adaptive comfort, energy savings of 50% can be observed. In this thesis, to characterize human adaptive behavior and to understand how this will influence comfort and energy consumption, the SMEC- Energy and Behavior Monitoring System was developed, a low-cost system that aims to monitor the mechanisms of adaptation used by the occupant in his / her workroom, such as windows glazing, opening and closing of windows and doors, artificial lighting, etc. The SMEC also monitors relevant quantities for occupant comfort (indoor thermo-hygrometric conditions, illuminance, and CO2 concentration) and energy consumption (equipment or lighting). In this thesis, the SMEC was validated by observation and comparison with calibrated equipment and the adaptive behavior was monitored for 16 days. The results obtained showed the validity of the SMEC to characterize the adaptive behavior, since it has been possible to identify some patterns of adaptation.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2017
Palavras-chave
Sistema de monitorização energética e comportamental Conforto adaptativo Comportamento adaptativo humano Eficiência energética Arduíno Monitorização Teses de mestrado - 2017