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Alkaline air: changing perspectives on nitrogen and air pollution in an ammonia-rich world

2020-09Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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dc.contributor.authorSutton, Mark A.
dc.contributor.authorvan Dijk, Netty
dc.contributor.authorLevy, Peter E.
dc.contributor.authorJones, Matthew R.
dc.contributor.authorLeith, Ian D.
dc.contributor.authorSheppard, Lucy J.
dc.contributor.authorLeeson, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorSim Tang, Y.
dc.contributor.authorStephens, Amy
dc.contributor.authorBraban, Christine F.
dc.contributor.authorDragosits, Ulrike
dc.contributor.authorHoward, Clare M.
dc.contributor.authorVieno, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorFowler, David
dc.contributor.authorCorbett, Paul
dc.contributor.authorNaikoo, Mohd Irfan
dc.contributor.authorMunzi, Silvana
dc.contributor.authorEllis, Christopher J.
dc.contributor.authorChatterjee, Sudipto
dc.contributor.authorSteadman, Claudia E.
dc.contributor.authorMóring, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorWolseley, Patricia A.
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-27T12:49:47Z
dc.date.available2021-09-27T12:49:47Z
dc.date.issued2020-09
dc.description.abstractAmmonia and ammonium have received less attention than other forms of air pollution, with limited progress in controlling emissions at UK, European and global scales. By contrast, these compounds have been of significant past interest to science and society, the recollection of which can inform future strategies. Sal ammoniac (nūshādir, nao sha) is found to have been extremely valuable in long-distance trade (ca AD 600–1150) from Egypt and China, where 6–8 kg N could purchase a human life, while air pollution associated with nūshādir collection was attributed to this nitrogen form. Ammonia was one of the keys to alchemy—seen as an early experimental mesocosm to understand the world—and later became of interest as ‘alkaline air’ within the eighteenth century development of pneumatic chemistry. The same economic, chemical and environmental properties are found to make ammonia and ammonium of huge relevance today. Successful control of acidifying SO2 and NOx emissions leaves atmospheric NH3 in excess in many areas, contributing to particulate matter (PM2.5) formation, while leading to a new significance of alkaline air, with adverse impacts on natural ecosystems. Investigations of epiphytic lichens and bog ecosystems show how the alkalinity effect of NH3 may explain its having three to five times the adverse effect of ammonium and nitrate, respectively. It is concluded that future air pollution policy should no longer neglect ammonia. Progress is likely to be mobilized by emphasizing the lost economic value of global N emissions ($200 billion yr−1), as part of developing the circular economy for sustainable nitrogen management. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Air quality, past present and future’.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSutton MA et al. 2020 Alkaline air: changing perspectives on nitrogen and air pollution in an ammonia-rich world. Phil.Trans.R.Soc.A 378: 20190315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0315pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1098/rsta.2019.0315pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/49638
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherThe Royal Societypt_PT
dc.relationNERC - NE/R016429/1pt_PT
dc.relationNERC - NE/R000131/1pt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2019.0315pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleAlkaline air: changing perspectives on nitrogen and air pollution in an ammonia-rich worldpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue2183pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage20190315pt_PT
oaire.citation.titlePhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciencespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume378pt_PT
person.familyNameMunzi
person.givenNameSilvana
person.identifier.ciencia-idAD11-65B5-0C95
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0071-7699
person.identifier.ridG-1428-2011
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24367291200
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication0337eb07-92cd-466f-800e-06eeb2aa08b8
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0337eb07-92cd-466f-800e-06eeb2aa08b8

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