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A monitorização online como meio de obtenção de prova no processo penal brasileiro à luz do direito comparado
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As dificuldades impostas às investigações criminas em decorrência, sobretudo do desenvolvimento tecnológico, impõem a necessidade de que novos métodos sejam implementados a fim de garantir a eficiência de tais investigações e a consecução dos fins do processo penal. Nesse sentido, a monitorização online (ou software de controle remoto) surge como um meio oculto e multifacetado capaz de possibilitar a aquisição de diversas informações armazenadas e/ou produzidas em tempo real em dispositivos informáticos, possuindo, portanto, grande relevância no contexto dos meios ocultos de obtenção de prova, o que será evidenciado a partir da análise do seu uso em diferentes contextos e em diferentes países. Todavia, sua natureza sub-reptícia, somada à grande quantidade de dados acessíveis em virtude do seu uso, demonstra o quão invasivo pode ser, revelando-se como um meio que implica intensa ingerência nos direitos fundamentais dos afetados. Tudo isso faz com que seja necessário encontrar o justo equilíbrio entre as necessidades investigativas, os fins do processo penal e os direitos fundamentais do investigado. Assim, no âmbito do direito comparado serão analisados os requisitos exigidos por diferentes países para legitimação da medida; seguindo-se para a análise dos meios de obtenção de prova tipificados no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro que, ante a ausência de lei expressa, inquire-se se seria possível admitir o uso de software a partir da analogia ou interpretação extensiva. Concluindo-se que o Direito brasileiro não conta com norma habilitante para a realização da monitorização online, serão apresentados os requisitos que entende-se necessários para legitimar o recurso a este importante meio oculto de obtenção de prova, a partir dos contributos do direito comparado; bem como o tratamento que se julga adequado a ser destinado aos conhecimentos fortuitos, uma vez que o amplo acesso a informações propiciados pelo software tem o potencial de revelar crimes para além daqueles sob investigação.
The difficulties imposed on criminal investigations as a result, especially of technological development, impose the need for new methods to be implemented to guarantee the efficiency of such investigations and the achievement of the ends of the criminal process. In this sense, online monitoring (or remote-control software) appears as a hidden and multifaceted means capable of enabling the acquisition of various information stored and/or produced in real time on computer devices, therefore having great relevance in the context of hidden means of obtaining evidence, which will be highlighted through the analysis of its use in different contexts and in different countries. However, its surreptitious nature, added to the large amount of data accessible due to its use, demonstrates how invasive it can be, revealing itself as a means that implies intense interference in the fundamental rights of those affected. All of this makes it necessary to find a fair balance between investigative needs, the purposes of the criminal process and the fundamental rights of the person being investigated. Thus, within the scope of comparative law, the requirements required by different countries to legitimize the measure will be analyzed; moving on to the analysis of the means of obtaining evidence typified in the Brazilian legal system which, given the absence of express law, asks whether it would be possible to admit the use of software based on analogy or extensive interpretation. Concluding that Brazilian Law does not have an enabling standard for carrying out online monitoring, the requirements that are considered necessary to legitimize the use of this important hidden means of obtaining evidence will be presented, based on the contributions of comparative law; as well as the treatment deemed appropriate for serendipity, since the broad access to information provided by the software has the potential to reveal crimes beyond those under investigation.
The difficulties imposed on criminal investigations as a result, especially of technological development, impose the need for new methods to be implemented to guarantee the efficiency of such investigations and the achievement of the ends of the criminal process. In this sense, online monitoring (or remote-control software) appears as a hidden and multifaceted means capable of enabling the acquisition of various information stored and/or produced in real time on computer devices, therefore having great relevance in the context of hidden means of obtaining evidence, which will be highlighted through the analysis of its use in different contexts and in different countries. However, its surreptitious nature, added to the large amount of data accessible due to its use, demonstrates how invasive it can be, revealing itself as a means that implies intense interference in the fundamental rights of those affected. All of this makes it necessary to find a fair balance between investigative needs, the purposes of the criminal process and the fundamental rights of the person being investigated. Thus, within the scope of comparative law, the requirements required by different countries to legitimize the measure will be analyzed; moving on to the analysis of the means of obtaining evidence typified in the Brazilian legal system which, given the absence of express law, asks whether it would be possible to admit the use of software based on analogy or extensive interpretation. Concluding that Brazilian Law does not have an enabling standard for carrying out online monitoring, the requirements that are considered necessary to legitimize the use of this important hidden means of obtaining evidence will be presented, based on the contributions of comparative law; as well as the treatment deemed appropriate for serendipity, since the broad access to information provided by the software has the potential to reveal crimes beyond those under investigation.
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Processo penal Investigação criminal Criminalidade informática Malware Obtenção de prova Direitos fundamentais Teses de mestrado - 2025