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A estabilidade temporal dos estereótipos compósitos
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Resumo(s)
É comum o ser humano pertencer a várias categorias sociais, que por vezes contrastam
entre si. Quando conciliamos esta informação contraditória, tendemos para o processamento mental
na forma de raciocínio causal (Kunda et al., 1990; Hastie et al., 1990). Um sujeito que seja Padre e
simultaneamente Segurança de discoteca, invoca traços que não pertencem a nenhuma das
categorias, isoladamente, um traço emergente (Benrós et al., 2020).
A estabilidade temporal de traços atribuídos a categorias compósitas carece de
investigação, e é de sobeja importância neste contexto, dado que pode indicar que se originou a
representação mental duma categoria nova. Neste estudo (N = 70), avalia-se a estabilidade temporal
das representações mentais de categorias compósitas, entre indivíduos e intra-individual, através
de uma tarefa de escolha/geração de traços, integrada numa metodologia teste-reteste. Manipulou-se também o processo de escolha dos traços, para cada estereótipo compósito. Num grupo os
participantes geravam espontaneamente os traços, no outro, escolhiam os traços a partir de uma
lista fornecida.
A condição com ou sem lista, não teve um efeito no consenso entre indivíduos nem na
estabilidade temporal obtida entre sessões, intra-individualmente.
De modo geral, os traços emergentes foram considerados como mais centrais para o
estereótipo compósito, os escolhidos de forma mais prevalente e que deram o maior contributo para
a sua estabilidade temporal, seguido, imediatamente, dos estereótipos herdados (os quais não
diferiram significativamente dos emergentes). A condição sem lista, que se esperava de maior
dificuldade, e que, portanto, fomentasse o uso de raciocínio causal e de operações cognitivas mais
complexas na geração dos emergentes, teve um efeito na produção de emergentes. Conforme a
presença ou ausência de lista, viram-se diferentes padrões de resultados para os diferentes traços,
com os traços averaged a aumentarem consideravelmente em proporção, centralidade e
estabilidade, na condição sem lista.
Discute-se o impacto dos resultados para a estabilidade temporal dos estereótipos
compósitos e as suas implicações para a teorização sobre as representações destas categorias
sociais.
It is common for human beings to belong to different social categories, which might contrast with each other. When reconciling this contradictory information, we tend towards causal reasoning in mental processing of information (Kunda et al., 1990; Hastie et al., 1990. An individual which is simultaneously a priest and a club bouncer, might bring up traits that do not belong to either category, in isolation, therefore being an emergent trait (Benrós et al., 2020). The stereotype stability seen within the traits attributed to composite categories lacks investigation, and it is of utmost importance in this context, given that it can indicate the origin of a mental representation of a new category. In this study (N = 70), we evaluate how stable in time mental representations of composite categories can be, within and between participants, through a stereotype trait choice/rating task, integrated in a test-retest methodology. The process of trait choice was also manipulated, for each composite stereotype, dividing subjects in a spontaneous trait generation group and a group that chose traits from a given trait list. The presence or absence of list, during the task, had no effect on either the consensus between subjects or the trait stability obtained between sessions, within-subjects. Overall, emergent traits were considered as more central to the composite stereotype, the most prevalent and the ones that gave the highest contribution to its stereotype stability, followed closely by inherited traits (which did not differ significantly compared to emergent traits). The no list condition, expected to be of higher difficulty and, therefore, to foment the use of causal reasoning and more production of emergent traits. In accordance with the presence or lack of trait list, different patterns of results were seen for the different types of traits, with averaged traits growing considerably in terms of proportion, centrality and stability, in the no list, spontaneous generation task. The impact of results in the stereotype stability of composite stereotypes is discussed, along with its implications to the theorizing of these social category representations.
It is common for human beings to belong to different social categories, which might contrast with each other. When reconciling this contradictory information, we tend towards causal reasoning in mental processing of information (Kunda et al., 1990; Hastie et al., 1990. An individual which is simultaneously a priest and a club bouncer, might bring up traits that do not belong to either category, in isolation, therefore being an emergent trait (Benrós et al., 2020). The stereotype stability seen within the traits attributed to composite categories lacks investigation, and it is of utmost importance in this context, given that it can indicate the origin of a mental representation of a new category. In this study (N = 70), we evaluate how stable in time mental representations of composite categories can be, within and between participants, through a stereotype trait choice/rating task, integrated in a test-retest methodology. The process of trait choice was also manipulated, for each composite stereotype, dividing subjects in a spontaneous trait generation group and a group that chose traits from a given trait list. The presence or absence of list, during the task, had no effect on either the consensus between subjects or the trait stability obtained between sessions, within-subjects. Overall, emergent traits were considered as more central to the composite stereotype, the most prevalent and the ones that gave the highest contribution to its stereotype stability, followed closely by inherited traits (which did not differ significantly compared to emergent traits). The no list condition, expected to be of higher difficulty and, therefore, to foment the use of causal reasoning and more production of emergent traits. In accordance with the presence or lack of trait list, different patterns of results were seen for the different types of traits, with averaged traits growing considerably in terms of proportion, centrality and stability, in the no list, spontaneous generation task. The impact of results in the stereotype stability of composite stereotypes is discussed, along with its implications to the theorizing of these social category representations.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de especialização em Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Palavras-chave
Estereótipos sociais Estabilidade temporal Traços de personalidade Categorização social Teses de mestrado - 2021