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As garantias de defesa do trabalhador na fase de instrução do procedimento disciplinar
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Resumo(s)
A presente dissertação visa abordar as garantias de defesa do trabalhador na fase de instrução, no âmbito do procedimento disciplinar laboral.
É indiscutível que o presente tema, para além de ser um tema atual, é igualmente um tema controverso, na medida em que se trata de um assunto a que todos diz, ou que pode dizer, respeito.
Todavia, o tema em estudo assentou essencialmente na faculdade que uma das partes de um contrato tem de sancionar a outra, instaurando-lhe um procedimento disciplinar, onde a parte que se considera lesada pelo comportamento da outra, é ao mesmo tempo a parte que decide.
A possibilidade de instaurar um procedimento disciplinar é o resultado do exercício do poder disciplinar que a lei laboral confere ao empregador. Sendo indiscutível a atualidade do tema em consideração à declaração de inconstitucionalidade proferida pelo Ac. do TC n.º 338/2010, de 22 de setembro, que se pronunciou, por um lado, quanto à alteração legislativa que veio a atribuir ao empregador a possibilidade de realizar ou não a fase de instrução no procedimento disciplinar instaurado contra um trabalhador e por outro, nas consequências da não realização desta fase para as garantias de defesa do trabalhador.
Dissertámos sobre esta questão também no âmbito do direito comparado, encontrando, na maioria dos ordenamentos jurídicos estudados bastantes semelhanças, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à abordagem e ao cumprimento dos princípios basilares do direito.
Contudo, deparámo-nos também com diferenças peculiares, que fazem com que olhemos para esses sistemas, nuns casos com uma certa admiração, noutros com uma imensa reprovação.
Por fim, desenvolvemos o tema do procedimento disciplinar com vista ao despedimento do trabalhador da função pública. Abordamos o tema em duas vertentes: a primeira, quanto à tramitação do procedimento e a segunda, quanto às garantias de defesa facultadas ao trabalhador. No âmbito deste último capítulo, aproveitamos para fazer uma breve comparação com o regime laboral privado. Estudámos as diferenças significativas existentes entre sector privado e o sector público, e a considerável proteção de garantias de defesa dos direitos que é dada ao funcionário público em comparação com o trabalhador privado.
The present dissertation aims to address the guarantees of defense of the employee in the interlocutory stages, in the scope of the labor disciplinary proceedings. It is indisputable that this issue, as well as being a current theme, is also a controversial subject that concerns to almost everyone. However, the subject under study was essentially based on the faculty that one part in a contract has the authority to sanction the other by instituting a disciplinary proceeding where the part that considers itself harmed by the behavior of the other part is at the same time the part that can punish. The possibility of instituting a disciplinary proceeding is the result of the exercise of the disciplinary authority that the labor law confers to the employer. The relevance of the topic is related to the unconstitutionality declaration by decision of the Constitutional Court No 338/2010 of September 22th, 2010, which ruled, first, on the legislative amendment which gave the employer the option of carrying out the investigation phase in the disciplinary proceedings against a employee and on the other hand, on the consequences for the defense of the employee if the employer doesn’t carry out this stage. We have also addressed the issue from the perspective of comparative law, finding that most of the legal systems studied quite a few similarities, whit regards approach and compliance with the basic principles of law. However, we have also find peculiar differences, which make us look at these systems, in some cases with a certain admiration, in others with immense reproof. Finally, we have developed the subject of the disciplinary proceedings of the public servant demission. We address the issue in two aspects: the first, regarding the proceedings and the second, regarding the guarantees of defense provided to the public servant. Within the scope of this last chapter, we take advantage of a brief comparison with the private labor regime. We have studied the significant differences between the private sector and the public sector, and the considerable protection of rights guarantees given to the public servant in comparison with the private employee.
The present dissertation aims to address the guarantees of defense of the employee in the interlocutory stages, in the scope of the labor disciplinary proceedings. It is indisputable that this issue, as well as being a current theme, is also a controversial subject that concerns to almost everyone. However, the subject under study was essentially based on the faculty that one part in a contract has the authority to sanction the other by instituting a disciplinary proceeding where the part that considers itself harmed by the behavior of the other part is at the same time the part that can punish. The possibility of instituting a disciplinary proceeding is the result of the exercise of the disciplinary authority that the labor law confers to the employer. The relevance of the topic is related to the unconstitutionality declaration by decision of the Constitutional Court No 338/2010 of September 22th, 2010, which ruled, first, on the legislative amendment which gave the employer the option of carrying out the investigation phase in the disciplinary proceedings against a employee and on the other hand, on the consequences for the defense of the employee if the employer doesn’t carry out this stage. We have also addressed the issue from the perspective of comparative law, finding that most of the legal systems studied quite a few similarities, whit regards approach and compliance with the basic principles of law. However, we have also find peculiar differences, which make us look at these systems, in some cases with a certain admiration, in others with immense reproof. Finally, we have developed the subject of the disciplinary proceedings of the public servant demission. We address the issue in two aspects: the first, regarding the proceedings and the second, regarding the guarantees of defense provided to the public servant. Within the scope of this last chapter, we take advantage of a brief comparison with the private labor regime. We have studied the significant differences between the private sector and the public sector, and the considerable protection of rights guarantees given to the public servant in comparison with the private employee.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito do trabalho Poder disciplinar Procedimento disciplinar Garantias de defesa Despedimento Teses de mestrado - 2018