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Impacto da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na função cognitiva
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Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença metabólica, com elevada prevalência, tendo sido relacionada com um maior risco de desenvolvimento Défice Cognitivo Ligeiro. A aplicação de testes de rastreio cognitivo permite a deteção precoce desta condição clínica. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho de pessoas com e sem diabetes tipo 2, através do rastreio cognitivo. Materiais e métodos: Foram estudados 105 utentes acompanhados na consulta externa do Serviço de Endocrinologia de um hospital público central, dos quais, 60 (57,1%) com diabetes tipo 2 e 45 (42,9%) sem diabetes. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e bioquímicos. Como instrumentos de rastreio cognitivo foram aplicados o Montreal Cognitive Assessment, o Mini Mental State Examination, uma escala de atividades instrumentais da vida diária (Lawton e Brody) e um questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar. Resultados: Os grupos eram homogéneos nas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, exceto por uma prevalência mais elevada de dislipidemia no grupo com diabetes. O grupo com Diabetes apresentou scores inferiores em ambos os rastreios cognitivos (p=0,002 no Montreal Cognitive Assessment e p=0,001 no Mini Mental State Examination). Contudo, apenas no Mini Mental State Examination se verificou uma percentagem de pessoas com DCL significativamente mais elevada no grupo com diabetes (28,6% vs 0,0%, p=0,03). Não se verificaram diferenças nas atividades instrumentais da vida diária, nos parâmetros antropométricos ou bioquímicos. O consumo de café e chá preto correlacionou-se com um melhor desempenho cognitivo (r=0,401 e r=0,304 respetivamente). Discussão: Verificou-se um desempenho cognitivo inferior nas pessoas com diabetes em ambos os rastreios. Além disso, através da aplicação do MMSE, encontrou-se uma maior percentagem de DCL neste grupo. O facto de o estudo ter decorrido em plena pandemia de COVID-19, poderá ter contribuído para a elevada prevalência de DCL nas pessoas com diabetes, as quais apresentam um risco acrescido para o desenvolvimento de formas mais graves da doença. Os resultados sugerem ainda um eventual efeito benéfico do consumo de café e chá na população com diabetes. Salienta-se a importância da sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para o rastreio precoce do DCL e a adequação da respetiva intervenção.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease with high prevalence, having been associated with a higher risk of developing Mild Cognitive Deficit. The application of cognitive screening tests allows for the early detection of this clinical condition. Objective: To compare the performance of people with and without type 2 diabetes, through cognitive screening. Materials and methods: 105 patients followed in the outpatient consultation of the Endocrinology Service of a central public hospital were studied, of which 60 (57,1%) had type 2 diabetes and 45 (42,9%) did not have diabetes. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. As cognitive screening instruments, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, a scale of instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton and Brody), and a food consumption frequency questionnaire were applied. Results: The groups were homogeneous in sociodemographic and clinical variables, except for a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in the diabetes group. The Diabetes group had lower scores in both cognitive screenings (p=0,002 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and p=0,001 in the Mini-Mental State Examination). However, only the Mini-Mental State Examination showed a significantly higher percentage of people with MCI in the diabetes group (28,6% vs 0,0%, p=0.03). There were no differences in instrumental activities of daily living, anthropometric or biochemical parameters. Coffee and black tea consumption correlated with better cognitive performance (r=0,401 and r=0,304 respectively). Discussion: There was an inferior cognitive performance in people with diabetes in both screenings. Furthermore, through the application of the MMSE, a higher percentage of DCL was found in this group. The fact that the study took place amid the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the high prevalence of MCD in people with diabetes, who are at increased risk for the development of more severe forms of the disease. The results also suggest a possible beneficial effect of coffee and tea consumption in the population with diabetes. It emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among health professionals for early screening for DCL and the appropriateness of the respective intervention.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease with high prevalence, having been associated with a higher risk of developing Mild Cognitive Deficit. The application of cognitive screening tests allows for the early detection of this clinical condition. Objective: To compare the performance of people with and without type 2 diabetes, through cognitive screening. Materials and methods: 105 patients followed in the outpatient consultation of the Endocrinology Service of a central public hospital were studied, of which 60 (57,1%) had type 2 diabetes and 45 (42,9%) did not have diabetes. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. As cognitive screening instruments, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination, a scale of instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton and Brody), and a food consumption frequency questionnaire were applied. Results: The groups were homogeneous in sociodemographic and clinical variables, except for a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in the diabetes group. The Diabetes group had lower scores in both cognitive screenings (p=0,002 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and p=0,001 in the Mini-Mental State Examination). However, only the Mini-Mental State Examination showed a significantly higher percentage of people with MCI in the diabetes group (28,6% vs 0,0%, p=0.03). There were no differences in instrumental activities of daily living, anthropometric or biochemical parameters. Coffee and black tea consumption correlated with better cognitive performance (r=0,401 and r=0,304 respectively). Discussion: There was an inferior cognitive performance in people with diabetes in both screenings. Furthermore, through the application of the MMSE, a higher percentage of DCL was found in this group. The fact that the study took place amid the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the high prevalence of MCD in people with diabetes, who are at increased risk for the development of more severe forms of the disease. The results also suggest a possible beneficial effect of coffee and tea consumption in the population with diabetes. It emphasizes the importance of raising awareness among health professionals for early screening for DCL and the appropriateness of the respective intervention.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Doenças Metabólicas e Comportamento Alimentar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2021
Palavras-chave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Défice cognitivo ligeiro Café Chá Montreal Cognitive Assessment Mini Mental State Examination Teses de mestrado - 2021