A carregar...
Publicação
Excesso de peso e estilos de vida na adolescência
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.91 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nos países desenvolvidos, incluindo Portugal, tem-se assistido a um aumento considerável do excesso de peso e obesidade, independentemente do sexo, idade ou etnia. A obesidade tem sido assim relacionada com fatores socioeconómicos, hábitos alimentares, atividade física e estilos de vida e constitui na criança e no adolescente uma preocupação generalizada, dado ser um fator de risco para a saúde em adulto. Também o aumento da importância que crianças e adolescentes atribuem ao seu próprio peso e imagem corporal mostra afetar negativamente o seu bem-estar psicológico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral caraterizar o estado nutricional e identificar comportamentos que fazem parte do estilo de vida dos adolescentes e que sejam promotores do excesso de peso, através da exploração da relação entre os hábitos alimentares, a atividade física, a estima e a aparência corporal e o excesso de peso, em função do sexo e da idade nos adolescentes. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em três escolas do Concelho de Sintra, numa amostra de 1125 adolescentes (532 rapazes e 593 raparigas) com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 17 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário a todos os adolescentes autorizados pelos encarregados de educação, realizadas medidas antropométricas (peso, estatura e perímetro da cintura) e calculado o índice de massa corporal para atribuição de classes de estado nutricional. Na análise entre variáveis recorreu-se à comparação de frequências pelo teste X2 e de médias pelo t ou por ANOVA. A regressão logística binária foi usada na avaliação da associação entre excesso de peso e variáveis socioeconómicas. A análise de exploratória em componentes principais foi usada no estudo da frequência alimentar e da imagem e estima corporal. Os resultados obtidos permitiram mostrar que a nacionalidade dos adolescentes e dos pais, os hábitos alimentares nem sempres saudáveis, com consumo preferencial de carne e de alimentos industrializados, e o sedentarismo contribuem para o excesso de peso e para a diminuição da imagem e estima corporal dos adolescentes. Os adolescentes com excesso de peso revelaram perceção dessa condição e consideram a sua saúde má ou muito má, recorrem à dieta, reduzindo a quantidade de comida e tendem a relativizar a importância da aparência física.
In developed countries, including Portugal, there has been a considerable increase in overweight and obesity, regardless of gender, age or ethnicity. Obesity has therefore been associated with socioeconomic factors, eating habits, physical activity and lifestyles, and obesity in children and adolescents has generated widespread concern as it constitutes a health risk factor in adults. Moreover, the increasing importance children and adolescents give to their own weight and body image has shown to negatively influence their psychological well-being. The overall objective of the present study is to characterise nutritional status and identify behaviours in adolescents’ lifestyle which promote excess weight gain, through the analysis of the relationship among eating habits, physical activity, self-esteem, body image and overweight, according to the adolescents’ gender and age. This study was developed in three schools in the district of Sintra, involving a sample of 1125 adolescents (532 boys and 593 girls), aged between 12 and 17. After formal authorization by parents or tutors, the adolescents answered a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height and waist perimeter), and their body mass index was calculated in order to define nutritional status classes. Variable analysis was based on the comparison of frequencies through the X2 test and of means through the t-test or ANOVA. The binary logistic regression was used in the association between overweight and socioeconomic variables. The exploratory analysis of main components was used in the study of eating frequency, self-esteem and body image. The results showed that both adolescents’ and their parents’ nationalities, not always healthy eating habits, preference for meat and industrialised food as well as sedentary lifestyles contribute to excess weight, lower self-esteem and worse body image among adolescents. Overweight adolescents perceived their condition and consider their health to be bad or very bad, go on diets by reducing the amount of food, and tend to de-emphasise the importance of physical appearance.
In developed countries, including Portugal, there has been a considerable increase in overweight and obesity, regardless of gender, age or ethnicity. Obesity has therefore been associated with socioeconomic factors, eating habits, physical activity and lifestyles, and obesity in children and adolescents has generated widespread concern as it constitutes a health risk factor in adults. Moreover, the increasing importance children and adolescents give to their own weight and body image has shown to negatively influence their psychological well-being. The overall objective of the present study is to characterise nutritional status and identify behaviours in adolescents’ lifestyle which promote excess weight gain, through the analysis of the relationship among eating habits, physical activity, self-esteem, body image and overweight, according to the adolescents’ gender and age. This study was developed in three schools in the district of Sintra, involving a sample of 1125 adolescents (532 boys and 593 girls), aged between 12 and 17. After formal authorization by parents or tutors, the adolescents answered a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements were taken (weight, height and waist perimeter), and their body mass index was calculated in order to define nutritional status classes. Variable analysis was based on the comparison of frequencies through the X2 test and of means through the t-test or ANOVA. The binary logistic regression was used in the association between overweight and socioeconomic variables. The exploratory analysis of main components was used in the study of eating frequency, self-esteem and body image. The results showed that both adolescents’ and their parents’ nationalities, not always healthy eating habits, preference for meat and industrialised food as well as sedentary lifestyles contribute to excess weight, lower self-esteem and worse body image among adolescents. Overweight adolescents perceived their condition and consider their health to be bad or very bad, go on diets by reducing the amount of food, and tend to de-emphasise the importance of physical appearance.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Humana e Ambiente). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2013
Palavras-chave
Biologia humana Obesidade Adolescência Teses de mestrado - 2013