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Reflexão jurídica sobre as diferentes estratégias de regulamentação da gestação por substituição e suas implicações : a busca por uma legislação específica no Brasil
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O objeto da presente tese é a gestação por substituição, vulgarmente conhecida como barriga de aluguel. A indagação que impulsionou a pesquisa é: quais são as principais implicações jurídicas das diferentes estratégias de regulamentação da gestação por substituição, em especial as adotadas pelo ordenamento jurídico português? A partir dos resultados encontrados, propõe-se soluções para uma futura lei autônoma sobre a técnica no Brasil, com a finalidade de contribuir para que ela seja baseada em um debate maduro e abrangente que zele pelos direitos de todos os envolvidos. Este é o principal objetivo da tese. Para tanto, como metodologia, foram adotados levantamento e análise de bibliografias brasileiras e portuguesas sobre temas estruturantes da pesquisa, como os argumentos contrários e a favor da legalização da prática e suas diferentes abordagens jurídicas. Devido à escassez de obras dos países supracitados, alguns pontos têm mais contributo da doutrina estrangeira, principalmente a norte-americana, que discute o tema com mais profundidade e frequência. Para sugerir opções adequadas à realidade brasileira e avaliar a evolução do debate sobre a gestação por substituição no país, analisa-se os instrumentos jurídicos pátrios que a regulam, e destaca-se quais foram/são suas principais normas. O mesmo é feito com o ordenamento português, pelo fato de Portugal ter uma lei federal específica sobre a reprodução humana assistida, na qual é possível encontrar respostas para as indagações que são feitas no estudo. Por fim, explora-se as alternativas que o legislador brasileiro tem, frente às principais problemáticas da técnica, como sua (in)admissibilidade e do pagamento da gestante; o estabelecimento da filiação; o eventual direito ao arrependimento da mulher contratada; a necessidade de atribuir a uma autoridade a responsabilidade pela regulamentação e de estabelecer um controle prévio da prática; a avaliação se a modalidade deve ser subsidiária ou complementar; os critérios de elegibilidade da gestante e dos beneficiários; e o velho dilema do anonimato dos doadores de gametas e da gestante de substituição.
The aim of the present thesis is to discuss surrogate motherhood, also called surrogacy. The guiding question for this research is: which are the main legal implications of the different strategies for surrogate motherhood regulation, especially those adopted by the Portuguese legal system? Based on the research results, some solutions are proposed for a forthcoming self-standing law in Brazil on the subject. The purpose is to contribute for a law grounded on a mature and wide-ranging debate that ensures all parties' rights. This is the main goal of this thesis. Therefore, as methodology, it was conducted an exploratory study and analysis of Brazilian and Portuguese literature on structuring issues, such as the arguments in favor and against the legalization of the practice and its different legal approaches. Because of the lack of studies from the previously mentioned countries, some aspects are better supported by foreign research, especially North American literature, which discusses the topic deeper and far more often. In order to present suitable possibilities for the Brazilian reality and to assess the progress of the debate on surrogate pregnancy in the country, an analysis is made on brazilian´s legal mechanisms that rule the practice, and the main provisions of these laws are highlighted. The same approach is taken with the Portuguese legal system, since Portugal has a specific federal law on assisted reproduction, from which it is possible to find answers to the questions raised in the study. Finally, this paper explores the possibilities available to the Brazilian Legislator, given the main challenges of the practice, such as its (in)admissibility and the payment of the surrogate mother; the establishment of parentage; the potential right to regret of the pregnant; the need to assign an authority with the responsibility to regulate and to establish prior control of the surrogate motherhood; the assessment of whether the practice should be subsidiary or complementary; the eligibility criteria of the gestational surrogate and it´s beneficiaries; and the old dilemma concerning the anonymity of the gamete donors and the surrogate mother.
The aim of the present thesis is to discuss surrogate motherhood, also called surrogacy. The guiding question for this research is: which are the main legal implications of the different strategies for surrogate motherhood regulation, especially those adopted by the Portuguese legal system? Based on the research results, some solutions are proposed for a forthcoming self-standing law in Brazil on the subject. The purpose is to contribute for a law grounded on a mature and wide-ranging debate that ensures all parties' rights. This is the main goal of this thesis. Therefore, as methodology, it was conducted an exploratory study and analysis of Brazilian and Portuguese literature on structuring issues, such as the arguments in favor and against the legalization of the practice and its different legal approaches. Because of the lack of studies from the previously mentioned countries, some aspects are better supported by foreign research, especially North American literature, which discusses the topic deeper and far more often. In order to present suitable possibilities for the Brazilian reality and to assess the progress of the debate on surrogate pregnancy in the country, an analysis is made on brazilian´s legal mechanisms that rule the practice, and the main provisions of these laws are highlighted. The same approach is taken with the Portuguese legal system, since Portugal has a specific federal law on assisted reproduction, from which it is possible to find answers to the questions raised in the study. Finally, this paper explores the possibilities available to the Brazilian Legislator, given the main challenges of the practice, such as its (in)admissibility and the payment of the surrogate mother; the establishment of parentage; the potential right to regret of the pregnant; the need to assign an authority with the responsibility to regulate and to establish prior control of the surrogate motherhood; the assessment of whether the practice should be subsidiary or complementary; the eligibility criteria of the gestational surrogate and it´s beneficiaries; and the old dilemma concerning the anonymity of the gamete donors and the surrogate mother.
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Gestação de substituição Procriação medicamente assistida Reprodução humana assistida Teses de mestrado - 2023 Surrogate motherhood Medically assisted procreation Assisted human reproduction