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A memória e a vontade : enviesamento atencional e assimilação em ex-combatentes com perturbação pós stress traumático
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Resumo(s)
A Perturbação Pós Stress Traumático (PPST) pode ser vista como a interrupção do processo
de assimilação do acontecimento traumático. Para essa interrupção contribuem factores de
manutenção, dos quais se salienta a presença de esquemas ansiogénicos. Este estudo, tem
como objectivo observar a associação entre a influência de esquemas ansiogénicos relevantes
para a manutenção da PPST (relativos a trauma, sequelas e auto-conceito negativo) e o
processo de assimilação do acontecimento traumático. Optou-se por estudar a influência dos
esquemas por uma propriedade dos mesmos, o enviesamento atencional, e o processo de
assimilação, pela análise de índices da narrativa que se admite corresponderem aos processos
de assimilação ou de evitamento. Participaram neste estudo 34 ex-combatentes da guerra
colonial portuguesa com PPST. O enviesamento atencional foi medido pelo paradigma
experimental da Tarefa de Stroop-Emocional e a assimilação pela análise da narrativa do
trauma (tendo como controlo uma narrativa emocionalmente negativa). Verificou-se a
presença enviesamento atencional para trauma e sequelas e observou-se uma associação entre
o enviesamento atencional, para trauma e auto-conceito negativo, e a severidade da PPST. No
que concerne à análise da narrativa, parte dos índices considerados diferiam em termos de
presença média na narrativa do trauma (relativamente à narrativa controlo) e o seu uso estava
associado à PPST. Finalmente, alguns índices de assimilação/evitamento estavam associados
ao enviesamento atencional. Discutem-se os resultados em função do enquadramento dos
conceitos de assimilação e de enviesamento atencional em níveis diferentes do sistema
cognitivo; da concepção da assimilação como processo narrativo e procurando extrair
implicações para a intervenção psicoterapêutica em pessoas que viveram acontecimentos,
traumáticos.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be conceptualised as an interruption of the traumatic event assimilation process. Maintenance factors such as anxiety related schemas play an important role in that interruption. The goal of this study is to examine the association between the effect of PTSD-relevant schemas (related to trauma, sequelae, or negative self-concept) and the process of assimilation of the traumatic event. It was chosen to analyse the effect of schemas by observing the attentional bias, which is considered to be a schema property and to study the assimilation process by the analysis of narrative markers, which are believed to represent the processes of assimilation or avoidance. 34 war veterans of the Portuguese colonial war with PTSD participated in this study. The attentional bias was measured by the Emotional Stroop Task and the assimilation through narrative analysis of the traumatic event (using as a control an emotionally negative narrative). It was found attentional bias towards trauma and sequelae and that the attentional bias towards trauma and negative self-concept were associated with the severity of PTSD. It was observed a number of significant differences, in terms of marker-use between both narratives, and those differences of usage correlated with the severity of PTSD, in some instances. Finally it was found an association between some of the markers of assimilation/avoidance and the attentional bias. These results are discussed in terms of the status of assimilation and attentional bias in a multi-level cognitive system; in terms of the notion of assimilation as a narrative process and in terms of possible implications to the psychotherapeutic intervention in PTSD.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be conceptualised as an interruption of the traumatic event assimilation process. Maintenance factors such as anxiety related schemas play an important role in that interruption. The goal of this study is to examine the association between the effect of PTSD-relevant schemas (related to trauma, sequelae, or negative self-concept) and the process of assimilation of the traumatic event. It was chosen to analyse the effect of schemas by observing the attentional bias, which is considered to be a schema property and to study the assimilation process by the analysis of narrative markers, which are believed to represent the processes of assimilation or avoidance. 34 war veterans of the Portuguese colonial war with PTSD participated in this study. The attentional bias was measured by the Emotional Stroop Task and the assimilation through narrative analysis of the traumatic event (using as a control an emotionally negative narrative). It was found attentional bias towards trauma and sequelae and that the attentional bias towards trauma and negative self-concept were associated with the severity of PTSD. It was observed a number of significant differences, in terms of marker-use between both narratives, and those differences of usage correlated with the severity of PTSD, in some instances. Finally it was found an association between some of the markers of assimilation/avoidance and the attentional bias. These results are discussed in terms of the status of assimilation and attentional bias in a multi-level cognitive system; in terms of the notion of assimilation as a narrative process and in terms of possible implications to the psychotherapeutic intervention in PTSD.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Psicologia (Área de especialização em Stress e Bem-Estar), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2006
Palavras-chave
Guerra colonial - Portugal Assimilação Stress pós-traumático Enviesamento Teses de mestrado - 2006