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Álcool durante a gravidez : consumo com implicações para toda a vida da criança
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O consumo de álcool durante a gravidez tem vindo a aumentar, especialmente na população jovem feminina. Os efeitos deste agente teratogénico sobre o feto em desenvolvimento são variados e podem apresentar diferentes níveis de gravidade. Esses efeitos adversos constituem o grupo de distúrbios do espectro do síndrome fetal alcoólico, no qual se inclui o síndrome fetal alcoólico. Este síndrome de espectro alargado inclui patologia malformativa, cognitiva e comportamental, com expressão ao longo de toda a vida. Nestas situações, o diagnóstico precoce é essencial. É necessário assegurar estratégias de prevenção primária, através de abstenção total de álcool durante a gravidez, e de prevenção secundária, assegurando o seguimento adequado de recémnascidos e crianças e minimizando o risco de patologia a médio e longo prazo.
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been increasing, especially in the young female population. The effects of this teratogenic agent on the developing fetus are varied and may have different levels of severity. These adverse effects constitute the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, in which we include fetal alcohol syndrome. This broad spectrum syndrome includes malformative, cognitive and behavioral pathology, with lifelong expression. In these situations, early diagnosis is essential. It is necessary to ensure primary prevention, through total alcohol abstention during pregnancy, as well as secondary prevention strategies, ensuring the adequate follow-up of newborns and children and minimizing the risk of pathology in the medium and long term.
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been increasing, especially in the young female population. The effects of this teratogenic agent on the developing fetus are varied and may have different levels of severity. These adverse effects constitute the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, in which we include fetal alcohol syndrome. This broad spectrum syndrome includes malformative, cognitive and behavioral pathology, with lifelong expression. In these situations, early diagnosis is essential. It is necessary to ensure primary prevention, through total alcohol abstention during pregnancy, as well as secondary prevention strategies, ensuring the adequate follow-up of newborns and children and minimizing the risk of pathology in the medium and long term.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Álcool Gravidez Síndrome fetal alcoólico Pediatria