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A covid-19 e a discussão pública sobre a sustentabilidade do turismo: uma análise de conteúdo comparativa dos media em diferentes países europeus
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Abstract(s)
Os impactos ambientais e sociais do turismo, assim como a vulnerabilidade de certos tipos de
turismo às alterações climáticas, têm sido debatidos pela literatura académica. Reconhece-se a
necessidade de repensar o turismo, quanto aos recursos utilizados e aos impactos nas comunidades
locais. Recentemente, devido à COVID-19 e aos confinamentos adotados a nível internacional,
muitos académicos têm vindo a entender esta pandemia como uma oportunidade para repensar o
futuro do turismo, tornando-o mais sustentável (Galvani, Lew & Perez, 2020; Ioannides &
Gyimóthy, 2020; Brito-Henriques, 2021).
No entanto, não é claro se este debate ultrapassou o domínio académico e influenciou o
debate público. Por isso, esta investigação analisa os efeitos da pandemia no debate sobre a
sustentabilidade do turismo na esfera pública em 2020. Esta dissertação tenta responder a algumas
das questões colocadas pela literatura académica, isto é, se a COVID-19 terá influenciado a
discussão sobre a sustentabilidade do turismo, e, se esta pandemia é vista como uma oportunidade
para se repensar o futuro do turismo. Para tal, desenvolve uma análise de conteúdo comparativa
de peças jornalísticas relacionadas com turismo e viagens, publicadas em sete jornais de países
europeus: Expresso (Portugal); Der Spiegel (Alemanha); The Irish Times (Irlanda); The Telegraph
(Reino unido); El País (Espanha); o Times of Malta (Malta); e Le Monde (França). Primeiro faz
uma abordagem quantitativa dos dados, onde identifica a frequência e a evolução dos temas
principais relacionados com turismo nos jornais. Depois, faz uma análise qualitativa do corpus,
onde identifica as diferenças encontradas nos jornais sobre cada tema.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a pandemia motivou a discussão pública sobre a
sustentabilidade do turismo, onde se considerou a importância de repensar o seu futuro, tornandoo mais sustentável. No entanto, este tema não foi o principal enfoque da esfera pública em 2020.
A esfera pública mostrou uma maior preocupação com os efeitos negativos da pandemia, onde se
destacou a importância do turismo para os destinos turísticos
The social and environmental impact of tourism, along with the consequences of climate change in this industry, have been widely discussed in the academic literature. Studies recognize the need to rethink tourism, considering its use of our planet’s resources and its impact on local communities. More recently, due to COVID-19 and the global lockdown, several scholars have acknowledged the pandemic as an opportunity to encourage tourism to become more sustainable in the future (Galvani, Lew & Perez, 2020; Ioannides & Gyimóthy, 2020; Brito-Henriques, 2021). However, it is not clear how far this perception has crossed the frontiers of academia into society. In this investigation, it will be analysed whether this pandemic has increased the debate about the sustainability of tourism in the European public sphere in 2020. In short, this dissertation attempts to answer some of the questions raised in the academic literature, e.g., whether COVID19 has influenced the discussion about the sustainability of tourism and, if so, whether this pandemic is perceived as an opportunity to rethink the future of tourism. To do so, it will be developed a comparative content analysis of the newspaper pieces related with tourism, published in seven newspapers from seven European countries: Expresso (Portugal); Der Spiegel (Germany); The Irish Times (Ireland); The Telegraph (United Kingdom); El País (Spain); Times of Malta (Malta); Le Monde (France). Firstly, a quantitative approach will determine the frequency and the evolution of topics in 2020 related to tourism in all newspapers. Secondly, a qualitative analysis will identify and analyse the different opinions mentioned by newspapers for each topic. The results suggest that the pandemic motivated the public debate about the sustainability of tourism. Authors considered the importance of rethinking the future of tourism in more sustainable terms. However, the sustainability of tourism was not the main concern in the public sphere. The public sphere appeared to be more concerned with the negative impacts of the pandemic in tourism, where the pieces highlighted the importance of tourism for destinations.
The social and environmental impact of tourism, along with the consequences of climate change in this industry, have been widely discussed in the academic literature. Studies recognize the need to rethink tourism, considering its use of our planet’s resources and its impact on local communities. More recently, due to COVID-19 and the global lockdown, several scholars have acknowledged the pandemic as an opportunity to encourage tourism to become more sustainable in the future (Galvani, Lew & Perez, 2020; Ioannides & Gyimóthy, 2020; Brito-Henriques, 2021). However, it is not clear how far this perception has crossed the frontiers of academia into society. In this investigation, it will be analysed whether this pandemic has increased the debate about the sustainability of tourism in the European public sphere in 2020. In short, this dissertation attempts to answer some of the questions raised in the academic literature, e.g., whether COVID19 has influenced the discussion about the sustainability of tourism and, if so, whether this pandemic is perceived as an opportunity to rethink the future of tourism. To do so, it will be developed a comparative content analysis of the newspaper pieces related with tourism, published in seven newspapers from seven European countries: Expresso (Portugal); Der Spiegel (Germany); The Irish Times (Ireland); The Telegraph (United Kingdom); El País (Spain); Times of Malta (Malta); Le Monde (France). Firstly, a quantitative approach will determine the frequency and the evolution of topics in 2020 related to tourism in all newspapers. Secondly, a qualitative analysis will identify and analyse the different opinions mentioned by newspapers for each topic. The results suggest that the pandemic motivated the public debate about the sustainability of tourism. Authors considered the importance of rethinking the future of tourism in more sustainable terms. However, the sustainability of tourism was not the main concern in the public sphere. The public sphere appeared to be more concerned with the negative impacts of the pandemic in tourism, where the pieces highlighted the importance of tourism for destinations.
Description
Keywords
Sustentabilidade do turismo Esfera pública COVID-19 Tendências Futuras