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The consumption of seafood in Portugal: preferences, knowledge and public perception
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Portugal é um dos maiores consumidores de alimentos de origem marinha da Europa e do Mundo. A falta de informação relativa aos hábitos e preferências de consumo, assim como do conhecimento que o consumidor tem sobre as espécies que come e quais os factores chave que influenciam as suas escolhas, desencadearam a elaboração do presente trabalho. Um inquérito por entrevista foi aplicado a duzentos consumidores, em mercados municipais e supermercados em quatro localizações - Lisboa, Sesimbra, Setúbal e Peniche. A população do estudo enumerou um total de cinquenta e nove espécies diferentes como fazendo parte da sua dieta. Uma clara preferência por alimentos de origem marinha resultantes da pesca foi revelada sendo que o carapau, a sardinha, o bacalhau e o polvo são as espécies mais consumidas pelos entrevistados. Os hábitos de consumo apresentados pelos inquiridos são teoricamente sustentáveis, com o consumo de pequenos pelágicos e com um vasto leque de espécies consumidas. No caso das espécies produzidas em aquacultura, as mais consumidas são a dourada e o salmão. Um maior consumo de alimentos de origem marinha resultantes da produção em aquacultura foi reportado por participantes mais novos e por indivíduos com níveis de escolaridade mais elevados. O consumo de alimentos de origem marinha revelou-se independente do rendimento mensal bruto do agregado familiar, com 75% dos indivíduos entrevistados a optar por estes pelo menos uma vez por semana. Em termos de conhecimento
sobre as espécies consumidas, preocupantes taxas de desconhecimento foram encontradas. A origem dos alimentos de origem marinha e a sua data de captura, foram eleitas as informações fundamentais a estar presentes nas etiquetas de identificação destes produtos, uma vez que, segundo os inquiridos, permitem que o consumidor tome uma decisão consciente e ponderada. Todavia, o preço dos produtos é aparentemente o derradeiro factor de escolha, sendo o factor decisivo quando o consumidor opta por determinado produto em detrimento de outro.
Portugal is one of the major consumers of seafood in Europe and in the World. The lack of information about population preferences and consumption habits, as well has the knowledge the consumer has on the consumed species, and the key factors influencing consumer’s choices, triggered the present work. A survey by interview was applied to two hundred consumers at municipal markets and supermarkets in four locations - Lisbon, Sesimbra, Setúbal and Peniche. A total of fifty-nine different species were reported to be part of the diet of the studied population. A clear preference for seafood from fisheries was denoted, being that the horse mackerel, the sardine, the cod, the hake and the octopus were the most consumed species by the interviewed. The consumption habits revealed by the inquired are theoretically sustainable, with the consumption of small pelagic fish and with a wide variety of seafood species consumed. In terms of the produced species from aquaculture, the most consumed are the sea bream and the salmon. Higher consumption rates of aquaculture products were reported by younger participants and by individuals with higher education levels. The consumption of seafood has shown to be independent of the monthly household income, with 75% of the interviewed individuals reporting opting for these products at least once a week. In terms of the knowledge on the consumed species, concerning rates of lack of knowledge were denoted. The seafood products origin and capture date were elected the crucial information to be included in the identification tags of these products, since that according to the inquired, this information provides the consumer the data necessary to make a conscious and weighted choice. Nevertheless, the products price seems to be the ultimate choice criteria, being decisive when the consumers opt for one product in detriment of another.
Portugal is one of the major consumers of seafood in Europe and in the World. The lack of information about population preferences and consumption habits, as well has the knowledge the consumer has on the consumed species, and the key factors influencing consumer’s choices, triggered the present work. A survey by interview was applied to two hundred consumers at municipal markets and supermarkets in four locations - Lisbon, Sesimbra, Setúbal and Peniche. A total of fifty-nine different species were reported to be part of the diet of the studied population. A clear preference for seafood from fisheries was denoted, being that the horse mackerel, the sardine, the cod, the hake and the octopus were the most consumed species by the interviewed. The consumption habits revealed by the inquired are theoretically sustainable, with the consumption of small pelagic fish and with a wide variety of seafood species consumed. In terms of the produced species from aquaculture, the most consumed are the sea bream and the salmon. Higher consumption rates of aquaculture products were reported by younger participants and by individuals with higher education levels. The consumption of seafood has shown to be independent of the monthly household income, with 75% of the interviewed individuals reporting opting for these products at least once a week. In terms of the knowledge on the consumed species, concerning rates of lack of knowledge were denoted. The seafood products origin and capture date were elected the crucial information to be included in the identification tags of these products, since that according to the inquired, this information provides the consumer the data necessary to make a conscious and weighted choice. Nevertheless, the products price seems to be the ultimate choice criteria, being decisive when the consumers opt for one product in detriment of another.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2017
Palavras-chave
Consumo de alimentos de origem marinha Pescas Aquacultura Preferências do consumidor Conhecimento do consumidor Teses de mestrado - 2017