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Authors
Abstract(s)
Os derrames cavitĆ”rios consistem em acumulaƧƵes anormais de lĆquido de natureza variada ou gĆ”s/ar dentro das cavidades corporais, tais como as cavidades pleural, peritoneal, pericĆ”rdica, articular. Neste trabalho, vĆ£o ser apenas abordados os derrames cavitĆ”rios pleural e peritoneal, uma vez que foram os registados com maior frequĆŖncia durante o estĆ”gio curricular.
O diagnĆ³stico etiolĆ³gico Ć© baseado nas informaƧƵes obtidas na anamnese, no exame fĆsico e nos exames complementares, tais como hemograma, bioquĆmicas, imagiologia e anĆ”lise do lĆquido do derrame, normalmente colhido por toraco ou abdominocentese. As anĆ”lises bioquĆmica e citolĆ³gica permitem classificar os derrames em transudado, transudado modificado ou exsudado e representam um dos componentes mais importantes de diagnĆ³stico, uma vez que auxiliam na identificaĆ§Ć£o da fisiopatologia responsĆ”vel pela acumulaĆ§Ć£o do lĆquido e podem indicar a necessidade de realizaĆ§Ć£o de novos exames complementares.
O estudo de caso teve como objectivo a caracterizaĆ§Ć£o de uma amostra de 25 casos de animais diagnosticados com derrames pleural ou peritoneal de acordo com a espĆ©cie, a localizaĆ§Ć£o do derrame, os sinais clĆnicos observados, os meios de diagnĆ³stico utilizados, a classificaĆ§Ć£o do derrame e a etiologia subjacente.
ApĆ³s anĆ”lise dos dados recolhidos, Ć excepĆ§Ć£o dos derrames hemorrĆ”gicos e gasosos, foi possĆvel confirmar a importĆ¢ncia da classificaĆ§Ć£o do derrame com base nas anĆ”lises bioquĆmica e citolĆ³gica, uma vez que permitiu chegar a um diagnĆ³stico, principalmente nos casos de derrames neoplĆ”sicos, ou orientar a realizaĆ§Ć£o de outros exames complementares.
Nos canĆdeos, a principal causa de derrame pleural e peritoneal observada foi a neoplĆ”sica. Nos felĆdeos, o mesmo se verifica nos derrames pleurais, com destaque para o linfoma mediastĆnico, enquanto na maioria dos derrames peritoneais o diagnĆ³stico foi de PIF. Relativamente aos casos de derrames gasosos, registou-se um caso de pneumotĆ³rax traumĆ”tico aberto e um caso de pneumoperitoneu por ruptura intestinal por corpo estranho, ambos em cĆ£es, e apenas um caso de pneumoperitoneu em gato por ruptura do ducto colĆ©doco e intestino delgado com forte suspeita de etiologia traumĆ”tica.
DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterinĆ”ria
ABSTRACT - Pleural and abdominal effusions and its classification: A study of 25 cases - Cavity effusions consist of abnormal accumulations of fluid of varied nature or gas/air inside body cavities, for example, pleural, abdominal, pericardial and joints. In this work, only pleural and peritoneal effusions will be approached, since these were the two most frequent presentations registered in the clinics. The diagnosis of the underlying etiology was based on information collected from the anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as complete blood count, biochemistry, imaging techniques and analysis of the effusionās, usually collected by toraco or abdominocentesis. Both biochemical and cytological analysis of these fluids enables its classification into transudate, modified transudate or exudates, and represent one of the most important components for a diagnosis, since it allows the identification of the pathological process responsible for liquid accumulation, and can indicate the need to perform more investigation proceedings. The objective of this study case was to characterize a sample of 25 animals diagnosed with pleural or abdominal effusion, by species, effusionās location, clinical signs, means of diagnosis applied, effusion classification and underlying etiology. After analyzing the collected data, with exception of hemorrhagic and gaseous effusions, it was possible to confirm the capital importance of the effusionās classification based on biochemical and cytological analysis once it led to a diagnosis, mainly in cases of neoplastic effusion, or oriented the need to perform auxiliary tests. In dogs, the main cause observed for pleural and peritoneal effusion was of neoplastic nature. The same was in cats concerning pleural effusions, principally mediastinal lymphoma, while the majority of peritoneal effusions where linked to a diagnosis of infectious peritonitis. Concerning gaseous effusions, one case of traumatic open pneumothorax and other of pneumoperitoneum elicited by intestinal rupture by a foreign body, were documented in dogs, and only one case in a cat was documented, of pneumoperitoneum caused by a rupture of the common bile duct and small intestine, with possible traumatic etiology.
DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterinĆ”ria
ABSTRACT - Pleural and abdominal effusions and its classification: A study of 25 cases - Cavity effusions consist of abnormal accumulations of fluid of varied nature or gas/air inside body cavities, for example, pleural, abdominal, pericardial and joints. In this work, only pleural and peritoneal effusions will be approached, since these were the two most frequent presentations registered in the clinics. The diagnosis of the underlying etiology was based on information collected from the anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as complete blood count, biochemistry, imaging techniques and analysis of the effusionās, usually collected by toraco or abdominocentesis. Both biochemical and cytological analysis of these fluids enables its classification into transudate, modified transudate or exudates, and represent one of the most important components for a diagnosis, since it allows the identification of the pathological process responsible for liquid accumulation, and can indicate the need to perform more investigation proceedings. The objective of this study case was to characterize a sample of 25 animals diagnosed with pleural or abdominal effusion, by species, effusionās location, clinical signs, means of diagnosis applied, effusion classification and underlying etiology. After analyzing the collected data, with exception of hemorrhagic and gaseous effusions, it was possible to confirm the capital importance of the effusionās classification based on biochemical and cytological analysis once it led to a diagnosis, mainly in cases of neoplastic effusion, or oriented the need to perform auxiliary tests. In dogs, the main cause observed for pleural and peritoneal effusion was of neoplastic nature. The same was in cats concerning pleural effusions, principally mediastinal lymphoma, while the majority of peritoneal effusions where linked to a diagnosis of infectious peritonitis. Concerning gaseous effusions, one case of traumatic open pneumothorax and other of pneumoperitoneum elicited by intestinal rupture by a foreign body, were documented in dogs, and only one case in a cat was documented, of pneumoperitoneum caused by a rupture of the common bile duct and small intestine, with possible traumatic etiology.
Description
DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterinĆ”ria
Keywords
Derrame pleural Derrame peritoneal Derrames gasosos Transudado Transudado modificado Exsudado Pleural effusion Peritoneal effusion Gaseous effusion Transudate Modified transudate and exudates
Pedagogical Context
Citation
GonƧalves, J.S. (2011). Derrames pleurais e abdominais e a sua classificaĆ§Ć£o : estudo de 25 casos. DissertaĆ§Ć£o de Mestrado. Universidade TĆ©cnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina VeterinĆ”ria, Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade TƩcnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina VeterinƔria