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Transição para o papel de avó no ano 2020 : o impacto da pandemia covid-19
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A transição para a grã-parentalidade é uma importante fase no ciclo vital da família,
provocando mudanças na estrutura familiar e na estrutura psíquica dos avós, que
adquirem um novo papel. Nas últimas décadas, fenómenos como o aumento da esperança
média de vida e maior integração das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, levaram a uma
participação mais ativa dos avós na vida dos netos e a um crescente interesse científico
em estudar este papel. Porém, o contexto de pandemia Covid-19 e a implementação de
medidas preventivas contra o vírus trouxeram mudanças a esta participação. O presente
estudo exploratório qualitativo pretendeu perceber qual o impacto da pandemia Covid-19
na transição para a grã-parentalidade. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas
semiestruturadas realizadas a 10 mulheres que tinham sido avós pela primeira vez durante
a pandemia Covid-19, em Portugal. Realizou-se uma análise temática dos dados, com
suporte do software Nvivo 12, surgindo duas categorias principais: Impacto da Pandemia
e Papel de Avó. Os resultados mostraram que a pandemia forçou as avós a conhecerem
os seus netos pela primeira vez através das tecnologias e, posteriormente, a manter um
contacto presencial irregular com eles, devido à distância geográfica e ao medo sentido
por parte dos pais e das avós da possível transmissão do vírus, o que levou a uma vivência
e um desempenho incompletos deste papel. O contacto presencial foi substituído pelo
contacto através das tecnologias, que permitiu às avós acompanharem o crescimento dos
seus netos. Os dados mostraram ainda como o papel de avó influenciou as participantes
a adotarem cuidados sanitários contra o vírus no seu dia-a-dia e quando estão com o neto,
de forma a manter a família segura. As dificuldades identificadas pelas avós foram
sobretudo derivadas da pandemia Covid-19, nomeadamente, uma maior preocupação
com a sua saúde e da família, pouco contacto físico com o neto, medo constante de
transmissão do vírus e vontade de estar mais presente. As participantes conseguiram
identificar também aspetos positivos, como a alegria de ser avó, a possibilidade de nutrir
um novo sentimento, a continuidade familiar e uma maior vontade de viver. Contudo,
seguido da alegria de ser avó, o sentimento mais mencionado foi um sentimento agridoce,
característico de uma perda ambígua, pois estão presentes sentimentos de felicidade, mas
também de luto pela perda de momentos com os netos e da experiência de ser avó que
tinham idealizado. Serão discutidas as principais conclusões deste estudo, bem como as
suas limitações e implicações para a investigação e prática clínica.
The transition to grandparenthood is an important phase in the family's life cycle as it brings changes to the family structure and to the grandparents themselves, who acquire a significant new role. In the last few decades, phenomena such as the increase in the average life expectancy and the growing integration of women in the job market have led to a more active participation of grandparents in the lives of their grandchildren and to a growing scientific interest in studying this relationship. However, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of preventive measures against the virus brought changes to the experience of the grandparent’s role. This qualitative exploratory study aimed to understand the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the transition to grandparenthood. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 women who had been grandmothers for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic in Portugal. A thematic analysis of the data was carried out using the Nvivo 12 software, resulting in two main categories: The Impact of the Pandemic and The Grandmother's Role. Results showed that the pandemic forced grandparents to meet their grandchildren for the first-time using technologies and, later, to maintain an irregular face-to-face contact due to geographic distance and the fear of a possible transmission of the virus. These conditions led to an experience considered incomplete for this family role. The data also showed how the grandmother’s role influenced the participants to adopt health care habits against the virus in their daily lives and when they were with their grandchildren in order to keep the family safe. The difficulties identified by the grandmothers were mainly due to the Covid-19 pandemic, namely, a greater concern for theirs and their family’s health, little physical contact with their grandchildren, constant fear of transmitting the virus and a desire to be more present. Participants were also able to identify positive aspects, such as the joy of being a grandmother, the possibility of nurturing a new feeling, family continuity and a greater will to live. Nevertheless, there was also the presence of a bittersweet feeling, characteristic of an ambiguous loss, as feelings of happiness were present, but also of mourning for the loss of moments with the grandchildren and of the experience of being a grandmother that they had idealized. The main conclusions of this study will be discussed from the perspective of Family Psychology, as well as its limitations and implications for research and clinical practice.
The transition to grandparenthood is an important phase in the family's life cycle as it brings changes to the family structure and to the grandparents themselves, who acquire a significant new role. In the last few decades, phenomena such as the increase in the average life expectancy and the growing integration of women in the job market have led to a more active participation of grandparents in the lives of their grandchildren and to a growing scientific interest in studying this relationship. However, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of preventive measures against the virus brought changes to the experience of the grandparent’s role. This qualitative exploratory study aimed to understand the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the transition to grandparenthood. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with 10 women who had been grandmothers for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic in Portugal. A thematic analysis of the data was carried out using the Nvivo 12 software, resulting in two main categories: The Impact of the Pandemic and The Grandmother's Role. Results showed that the pandemic forced grandparents to meet their grandchildren for the first-time using technologies and, later, to maintain an irregular face-to-face contact due to geographic distance and the fear of a possible transmission of the virus. These conditions led to an experience considered incomplete for this family role. The data also showed how the grandmother’s role influenced the participants to adopt health care habits against the virus in their daily lives and when they were with their grandchildren in order to keep the family safe. The difficulties identified by the grandmothers were mainly due to the Covid-19 pandemic, namely, a greater concern for theirs and their family’s health, little physical contact with their grandchildren, constant fear of transmitting the virus and a desire to be more present. Participants were also able to identify positive aspects, such as the joy of being a grandmother, the possibility of nurturing a new feeling, family continuity and a greater will to live. Nevertheless, there was also the presence of a bittersweet feeling, characteristic of an ambiguous loss, as feelings of happiness were present, but also of mourning for the loss of moments with the grandchildren and of the experience of being a grandmother that they had idealized. The main conclusions of this study will be discussed from the perspective of Family Psychology, as well as its limitations and implications for research and clinical practice.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021
Palavras-chave
Grã-parentalidade Covid 19 Avós Relações inter-gerações Dissertações de mestrado - 2021