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O recurso da pessoa coletiva em processo penal : a (ir)recorribilidade das decisões que afetam a pessoa coletiva arguida no regime processual penal português
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A presente investigação tem como objetivo formular propostas de alteração legislativa em consonância com a estratégia nacional de combate à corrupção que alterou a legislação penal e processual penal por se considerar imperativa a uniformização do regime de responsabilidade penal das pessoas coletivas. Contudo, as alterações introduzidas pela Lei n.º 94/2021, de 21 de dezembro, não responderam eficazmente ao labor doutrinário realizado nos últimos anos e, por considerarmos essencial melhorar a efetividade do sistema judicial, abordaremos a especifica questão do direito ao recurso pela pessoa coletiva arguida cujas garantias em processo penal não foram adaptadas à sua natureza. A pessoa coletiva, que anteriormente não tinha acesso ao direito a recorrer de decisões penais por não lhe ser aplicada pena de prisão, encontra-se atualmente impedida de recorrer ao STJ quando o tribunal da Relação agrava a sua pena, em virtude da verificação de dupla conforme. Este caso é preocupante se pensarmos que o agravamento pode traduzir-se numa pena de dissolução equivalente, por analogia, à pena de morte para as pessoas singulares. Não terá o arguido pessoa coletiva direito a recorrer das decisões de recurso?
Com a presente dissertação procuramos responder a esta questão procedendo à análise das als. e) e f) do n.º 1 do art. 400º do CPP, defendendo que, sempre que o arguido se vê confrontado com a restrição de um direito deve ser-lhe dada a possibilidade de reapreciação da decisão condenatória, não só perante uma restrição inovatória, mas também quando a decisão se traduza na ampliação da restrição anteriormente aplicada. Como forma de alcançar tal desiderato, e por considerarmos que a atual redação da al. f) do n.º1 do art. 400º do CPP não se apresenta conforme á constituição, propomos uma reformulação do artigo 400º do CPP adaptando-o à natureza da pessoa coletiva arguida.
The present investigation aims to formulate proposals for legislative changes in line with the national anti-corruption mechanism, which amended the Criminal Procedure Code due to the imperative need for the harmonization of the regime of criminal liability of legal entities. However, the amendments introduced by L. No. 94/2021, of December 21, have not effectively addressed the doctrinal work conducted in recent years. Given the essential need to improve the effectiveness of the judicial system, we will examine the specific issue of the right to appeal for corporate defendants, whose procedural guarantees in criminal proceedings have not been adapted to their legal nature. Previously, legal entities did not have the right to appeal criminal decisions due to the non-imposition of imprisonment, and they are now barred from appealing to the Supreme Court of Justice (STJ) when the Court of Appeal increases their penalty, owing to appliying of the double conformity rule. This situation is concerning, especially considering that such an increase could result in a dissolution penalty, which, by analogy, is equivalent to the death penalty for natural persons. Does the corporate defendant not have the right to appeal against appellate decisions? In this tesis, we seek to address this question by analyzing paragraphs e) and f) of no. 1 of article 400º CPP, arguing that whenever the defendant is confronted with a restriction of rights, they should be afforded the opportunity to have the conviction reassessed, not only when it concerns an innovative restriction but also when the decision results in the extension of a previously applied restriction. To achieve this objective, and considering that the current wording of paragraph f) of no. 1 os article 400º of the CPP does not comply with the Constitution, we propose a reformulation of article 400º of the CPP to better align it with the legal nature of corporate defendants.
The present investigation aims to formulate proposals for legislative changes in line with the national anti-corruption mechanism, which amended the Criminal Procedure Code due to the imperative need for the harmonization of the regime of criminal liability of legal entities. However, the amendments introduced by L. No. 94/2021, of December 21, have not effectively addressed the doctrinal work conducted in recent years. Given the essential need to improve the effectiveness of the judicial system, we will examine the specific issue of the right to appeal for corporate defendants, whose procedural guarantees in criminal proceedings have not been adapted to their legal nature. Previously, legal entities did not have the right to appeal criminal decisions due to the non-imposition of imprisonment, and they are now barred from appealing to the Supreme Court of Justice (STJ) when the Court of Appeal increases their penalty, owing to appliying of the double conformity rule. This situation is concerning, especially considering that such an increase could result in a dissolution penalty, which, by analogy, is equivalent to the death penalty for natural persons. Does the corporate defendant not have the right to appeal against appellate decisions? In this tesis, we seek to address this question by analyzing paragraphs e) and f) of no. 1 of article 400º CPP, arguing that whenever the defendant is confronted with a restriction of rights, they should be afforded the opportunity to have the conviction reassessed, not only when it concerns an innovative restriction but also when the decision results in the extension of a previously applied restriction. To achieve this objective, and considering that the current wording of paragraph f) of no. 1 os article 400º of the CPP does not comply with the Constitution, we propose a reformulation of article 400º of the CPP to better align it with the legal nature of corporate defendants.
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Processo penal Pessoa colectiva Recurso Supremo Tribunal de Justiça Teses de mestrado - 2024 Criminal procedure Legal entity Appeal Supreme Court of Justice