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Resumo(s)
A neurossonografia fetal (NSG) é um exame ecográfico utilizado no diagnóstico de malformações do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), sendo realizado quando existe uma suspeita de anomalia cerebral no exame ecográfico de rotina, em situações de elevado risco por história familiar, em casos de doença materna ou infeções fetais.
Este trabalho pretende descrever as malformações do SNC detetadas por NSG numa série de casos e avaliar a utilidade da mesma como meio diagnóstico, através da comparação com os exames pós-natais, como a ecografia transfontanelar (Eco-TF), a Neuro-Ressonância Magnética (NRMN) e a Tomografia Computorizada (TC) ou com resultados de exames anátomo-patológicos (AP), em casos de interrupção médica da gravidez.
O estudo incluiu um total de 23 casos num período de 26 meses. Oito casos (35%) apresentaram anomalias do sistema ventricular, seis casos (26%) anomalias do corpo caloso (CC) e/ou cavum septum pellucidum (CSP), cinco casos (22%) anomalias da fossa posterior, quatro casos (17%) quistos supratentoriais, um caso (4%) lesões corticais, um caso (4%) anomalias vasculares e um caso (4%) apresentou anomalias da clivagem. A NSG possibilitou a deteção e caracterização das anomalias cerebrais em pré-natal em 82% dos casos, tendo a concordância sido completa com os exames pós-natais em 50%, parcial em 32% e não concordante em 18%. Concluiu-se que, apesar da limitação desta série relativamente ao número de casos e ao seguimento dos casos em pós-natal, a NSG é um exame útil para o diagnóstico de malformações graves do SNC.
Fetal neurosonography is an ultrasound examination used in the diagnosis of Central Nervous System malformations, being performed when there is a suspicion of brain abnormality at routine ultrasound examination, in situations of high risk due to family history, in cases of maternal disease or fetal infections. This work describes the Central Nervous System malformations detected by Fetal neurosonography in a series of cases and evaluates its usefulness as a diagnostic tool, through comparison with postnatal examinations, such as Transfontanellar Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography and Pathology in cases of medical termination of pregnancy. The study included a total of 23 cases over a period of 26 months. Eight cases (35%) presented ventricular system anomalies, six cases (26%) anomalies of corpus callosum and/or cavum septum pellucidum, five cases (22%) posterior fossa anomalies, four cases (17%) supratentorial cysts, one case (4%) cortical lesions, one case (4%) vascular anomaly and one case (4%) cleavage anomalies. Neurosonography enabled the detection and characterisation of brain anomalies in prenatal in 82% of cases, and the concordance was complete with postnatal examinations in 50%, partial in 32% and not concordant in 18%. Despite the limitation of this series in relation to the limited number of cases and short postnatal follow-up, these results allow to conclude that NSG is a useful test for the diagnosis of severe Central Nervous System malformations.
Fetal neurosonography is an ultrasound examination used in the diagnosis of Central Nervous System malformations, being performed when there is a suspicion of brain abnormality at routine ultrasound examination, in situations of high risk due to family history, in cases of maternal disease or fetal infections. This work describes the Central Nervous System malformations detected by Fetal neurosonography in a series of cases and evaluates its usefulness as a diagnostic tool, through comparison with postnatal examinations, such as Transfontanellar Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography and Pathology in cases of medical termination of pregnancy. The study included a total of 23 cases over a period of 26 months. Eight cases (35%) presented ventricular system anomalies, six cases (26%) anomalies of corpus callosum and/or cavum septum pellucidum, five cases (22%) posterior fossa anomalies, four cases (17%) supratentorial cysts, one case (4%) cortical lesions, one case (4%) vascular anomaly and one case (4%) cleavage anomalies. Neurosonography enabled the detection and characterisation of brain anomalies in prenatal in 82% of cases, and the concordance was complete with postnatal examinations in 50%, partial in 32% and not concordant in 18%. Despite the limitation of this series in relation to the limited number of cases and short postnatal follow-up, these results allow to conclude that NSG is a useful test for the diagnosis of severe Central Nervous System malformations.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Neurossonografia Malformação do sistema nervoso central Feto Obstetrícia
