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A depressão no idoso nas suas relações com a ideação suicida, a resiliência e as relações interpessoais
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A presente investigação é dedicada ao estudo do processo de envelhecimento, com um foco concreto nas relações entre a ideação suicida, a resiliência e as relações interpessoais, em dois grupos de idosos, com diferentes níveis de sintomatologia depressiva. Os principais objetivos são: 1) explorar as relações entre a resiliência, a ideação suicida e as relações interpessoais; 2) analisar as diferenças na ideação suicida e na resiliência entre os grupos; 3) explorar modelos de regressão que predizem a ideação suicida, tendo como preditores as dimensões da resiliência. O estudo contempla dois grupos, com participantes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos de idade, da população geral: 1) grupo “Elevada Depressão” (ED), com 81 participantes (M = 75.01 anos de idade; DP = 7.03), sendo 63% do sexo feminino; 2) grupo “Baixa Depressão” (BD), com 116 participantes (M = 73.80 anos de idade; DP = 6.20), sendo 50% do sexo feminino. Foram administrados quatro instrumentos de autorrelato: um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos Epidemiológicos (CES-D); o Inventário de Ideação Suicida Positiva e Negativa (PANSI); e a Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC). Na estatística, recorreu-se a análises de variância (ANOVA) e de regressão linear múltipla. Os principais resultados demonstram, no grupo ED, associações entre a “qualidade das relações familiares” e a ideação suicida negativa, assim como, entre o “grau de contacto das relações de amizade” com a ideação suicida positiva. No grupo ED, os idosos mais resilientes apresentam valores mais baixos de ideação suicida negativa. Por seu turno, os idosos do grupo BD, demonstram menos ideação suicida negativa e mais resiliência. No grupo ED, a ideação suicida positiva é predita pelas dimensões da resiliência - Competência e Aceitação - que explicam 93% da variância dos resultados e, a ideação suicida negativa, é predita pelas dimensões da resiliência - Confiança e Espiritualidade - que explicam 76% da variância dos resultados. No grupo BD, a ideação suicida positiva é predita pelas dimensões Competência e Aceitação, que explicam 96% dos resultados e, a ideação suicida negativa, é predita pelas dimensões Confiança e Espiritualidade que explicam 84% dos resultados. Este estudo destaca a interação entre resiliência, ideação suicida e relações interpessoais, em idosos com diferentes níveis de sintomatologia depressiva, contribuindo para a compreensão e prevenção do suicídio.
The present research addresses the theme of the aging process, and seeks to study the relations between suicidal ideation, resilience and interpersonal relationships, in two groups of elderly people, with different degrees of depressive symptomatology. The main objectives are: 1) exploration of the relationships between resilience, suicidal ideation and interpersonal relationships; 2) analyze the differences in suicidal ideation and resilience between the two groups; 3) exploration of regression models that predict suicidal ideation, with resilience and its dimensions as predictors. The study considers two groups aged 65 and over, from the general population: 1) “High Depression” group (HD), consisting of 81 participants (M = 75.01 years of age; SD = 7.03), with 63% being female; 2) “Low Depression” group (LD), with 116 participants (M = 73.80 years of age; SD = 6.20), of whom 50% are female. Four instruments were used: a social-demographic questionnaire, the Scale of Depression from the Center of Epidemiological Studies (CES-D); the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI); and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). For the statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression were used. The main results demonstrate that, in the HD group, associations are observed between the “quality of family relationships” and negative suicidal ideation, as well as between the “degree of contact with friends” and positive suicidal ideation. The most resilient participants, from the HD group, show lower levels of negative suicidal ideation. In turn, elderly from the LD group, exhibit lower levels of negative suicidal ideation and higher levels of resilience. In the HD group, positive suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of resilience - Competence and Acceptance -, which explain 93% of the results variance, and, negative suicidal ideation, is predicted by the dimensions of resilience - Trust and Spirituality -, which explain 76% of the variance of the results. In the LD group, positive suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of Competence and Acceptance, which explain 96% of the results, and negative suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of Confidence and Spirituality, which explain 84% of the variance of the results. This study highlights the interactions between resilience, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relationships, in the elderly, with different levels of depressive symptomatology, contributing to the understanding and prevention of suicide.
The present research addresses the theme of the aging process, and seeks to study the relations between suicidal ideation, resilience and interpersonal relationships, in two groups of elderly people, with different degrees of depressive symptomatology. The main objectives are: 1) exploration of the relationships between resilience, suicidal ideation and interpersonal relationships; 2) analyze the differences in suicidal ideation and resilience between the two groups; 3) exploration of regression models that predict suicidal ideation, with resilience and its dimensions as predictors. The study considers two groups aged 65 and over, from the general population: 1) “High Depression” group (HD), consisting of 81 participants (M = 75.01 years of age; SD = 7.03), with 63% being female; 2) “Low Depression” group (LD), with 116 participants (M = 73.80 years of age; SD = 6.20), of whom 50% are female. Four instruments were used: a social-demographic questionnaire, the Scale of Depression from the Center of Epidemiological Studies (CES-D); the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI); and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). For the statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression were used. The main results demonstrate that, in the HD group, associations are observed between the “quality of family relationships” and negative suicidal ideation, as well as between the “degree of contact with friends” and positive suicidal ideation. The most resilient participants, from the HD group, show lower levels of negative suicidal ideation. In turn, elderly from the LD group, exhibit lower levels of negative suicidal ideation and higher levels of resilience. In the HD group, positive suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of resilience - Competence and Acceptance -, which explain 93% of the results variance, and, negative suicidal ideation, is predicted by the dimensions of resilience - Trust and Spirituality -, which explain 76% of the variance of the results. In the LD group, positive suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of Competence and Acceptance, which explain 96% of the results, and negative suicidal ideation is predicted by the dimensions of Confidence and Spirituality, which explain 84% of the variance of the results. This study highlights the interactions between resilience, suicidal ideation, and interpersonal relationships, in the elderly, with different levels of depressive symptomatology, contributing to the understanding and prevention of suicide.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento Velhice Depressão Resiliência Relações humanas Ideação suicida Psicologia clínica Dissertações de mestrado - 2023