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A competência do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça, em especial o não reconhecimento de legitimidade processual às organizações internacionais e suas consequências
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O presente trabalho dedica-se a uma análise da competência do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça e centra-se especialmente na limitação que o artigo 34 do Estatuto do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça, que apenas permite que os Estados sejam partes perante o Tribunal, impõe relativamente ao acesso pelas organizações internacionais à sua competência contenciosa.
Depois de uma breve descrição do Tribunal, do contexto histórico do seu surgimento e do seu Estatuto, embarcaremos numa viagem sobre o papel das organizações internacionais no contexto internacional dos dias de hoje, para melhor compreendermos as vozes que as consideram verdadeiros sujeitos de direito internacional, e, como tal, atacam a norma em análise por a entenderem desadequada ao palco internacional da atualidade.
No capítulo seguinte, abordaremos algumas das consequências do não reconhecimento de legitimidade processual às organizações internacionais em casos contenciosos, como o recurso a uma expediente que procura contornar o preceito, atribuindo efeito vinculativo aos pareceres consultivos requeridos ao Tribunal, bem como o recurso à arbitragem. Aqui iremos ainda falar de dois processos em particular. Um, junto do Tribunal Internacional de Justiça, e outro, junto do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, para ilustrar a reação da comunidade internacional perante a impossibilidade de levar organizações internacionais ao banco dos réus.
Por fim, passando por uma análise da doutrina relativamente à matéria, terminaremos com uma conclusão crítica sobre a atual redação do artigo 34 e das instigações à sua mudança.
The present work is devoted to an analysis of the competence of the International Court of Justice and focuses specifically on the limitation of Article 34 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which only allows states to be parties before the Court, regarding the access by international organizations to its contentious jurisdiction. After a brief description of the Court, the historical context of its emergence and its Statute, we will embark on a journey starting with the role of international organizations in the current international context in order to better understand the voices that consider these the true subjects of international law, and as such attack the norm in analysis which they understand as inadequate by today’s international scene. In the next chapter, we will discuss some of the consequences of not recognizing legal standing to international organizations in contentious cases, such as the use of a device that seeks to bypass (evade, preclude, avert) the rule by giving binding effect to advisory opinions requested from the Court, and the use of arbitration. Two particular cases will also be discussed, one before the International Court of Justice, and another before the Court of Justice of the European Union, in order to better illustrate the reaction of the international community towards the impossibility of bringing international organizations to Court as defendants. Finally, through an analysis of the doctrine on the matter, we end with a conclusion on the current wording of Article 34 and the promptings of its shift.
The present work is devoted to an analysis of the competence of the International Court of Justice and focuses specifically on the limitation of Article 34 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which only allows states to be parties before the Court, regarding the access by international organizations to its contentious jurisdiction. After a brief description of the Court, the historical context of its emergence and its Statute, we will embark on a journey starting with the role of international organizations in the current international context in order to better understand the voices that consider these the true subjects of international law, and as such attack the norm in analysis which they understand as inadequate by today’s international scene. In the next chapter, we will discuss some of the consequences of not recognizing legal standing to international organizations in contentious cases, such as the use of a device that seeks to bypass (evade, preclude, avert) the rule by giving binding effect to advisory opinions requested from the Court, and the use of arbitration. Two particular cases will also be discussed, one before the International Court of Justice, and another before the Court of Justice of the European Union, in order to better illustrate the reaction of the international community towards the impossibility of bringing international organizations to Court as defendants. Finally, through an analysis of the doctrine on the matter, we end with a conclusion on the current wording of Article 34 and the promptings of its shift.
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Direito internacional Tribunal Internacional de Justiça Competência jurisdicional Organizações internacionais Legitimidade processual Soberania Teses de mestrado - 2013