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A exploração dos recursos naturais na plataforma continental -incluindo a gestão de aproveitamento conjunto de petróleo e gás natural entre dois (ou mais) Estados
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Este trabalho visa explicar os princípios e regras jurídicas relacionadas a exploração de recursos naturais na plataforma continental e a questão do aproveitamento conjunto de petróleo e gás natural entre dois ( ou mais) Estados. A investigação está dividida em dois capítulos. O primeiro capítulo, fala sobre os direitos e as obrigações dos Estados quando exploram os recursos naturais sob as suas jurisdições. Para o próposito deste capítulo, os recursos naturais da plataforma continental são: as espécies sedentárias e os minerais.
O segundo capítulo estuda o aproveitamento de petróleo e gás natural numa área de jurisdição partilhada. Onde dois ( ou mais) Estados agregam os seus direitos e obrigações. Essa situação pode ocorrer em duas circunstâncias separadas:
Em primeiro lugar, quando os Estados concluem o acordo de delimitação da plataforma continental, conforme estabelecido no artigo 83.º (1) da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, eles passam a conhecer exatamente os limites das suas jurisdições. No acordo de delimitação supracitado, eles podem tomar a decisão de aproveitar conjuntamente petróleo e gás natural. Por esse motivo, eles assinam um novo tratado internacional tratando-se exclusivamente do petróleo e gás natural a ser aproveitado.
A segunda situação, pode emergir quando eles não foram capazes de concluir um acordo de delimitação das fronteiras; com base no espírito do artigo 83.º (3), eles decidem fazer todos os esforços para entrarem num ajuste provisório de caráter prático. Assim, enquanto não chegam a um acordo de delimitação da plataforma continental, eles podem levar a cabo a atividade petrolífera ( e ter acesso aos mesmos recursos) na área não delimitada, sem o prejuízo da delimitação final.
Não obstante ao contexto em torno da conclusão dos acordos de aproveitamento conjunto; é argumentado nesta investigação que a prática dos Estados no desenvolvimento conjunto de petróleo e gás natural tem se traduzido na conclusão de tratados internacionais e tem se baseado na obrigação internacional dos Estados resolverem as suas disputas através dos meios pacíficos. Ao embarcarem nesta aventura, os Estado reduziram os custos de produção petrolífera e evitarão o uso ineficiente dos depósitos comuns de petróleo e gás natural.
This writing aim to explain the legal principles and rules related to the exploration of natural resources on the continental shelf and the issue of joint development of oil and natural gas between two ( or more) States. The investigation is divided in two chapters. The first chapter talks about the rights and obligations of States when exploring the natural resources under its jurisdictions. For the purpose of this chapter, natural resources of continental shelf are sedentary species and minerals. The second chapter study the explotation of oil and natural gas in an area of shared jurisdictions. Where two ( or more) States aggregate their rights and obligations. This situation can occur in two separated circumstances. Firstly, when the States have concluded an agreement on the delimitation of continental shelf, as established by article 83.º (1) of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; where they pass to know exactly the limits of their jurisdictions. Based on that delimitation agreement, they might decide to jointly exploit the oil and natural gas. For that reason, they sign another international treaty dealing exclusivily with oil and natural gas to be exploited. The second situation arise when they are not able to conclude a delimitation boundary agreement; based on the spirit of article 83.º (3) of the Convention of 1982, they have to make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of pratical nature. Thus, they can decide to develop, pending the agreement, oil activities, without the prejudice of the final delimitation and have access to the oil resources of the area that are not delimited yet. Notwithstanding the contexts sorrounding the conclusion of joint development agreements, it is argued, in this investigation that the practice of State on the joint development of oil and natural gas has been translated into the conclusion of international treaties and have been based on the international obligation of States to settle their disputes through pacific means. In undertaking that adventure, the States reduce oil production cost and avoid inefficient use of common deposits of oil and natural gas.
This writing aim to explain the legal principles and rules related to the exploration of natural resources on the continental shelf and the issue of joint development of oil and natural gas between two ( or more) States. The investigation is divided in two chapters. The first chapter talks about the rights and obligations of States when exploring the natural resources under its jurisdictions. For the purpose of this chapter, natural resources of continental shelf are sedentary species and minerals. The second chapter study the explotation of oil and natural gas in an area of shared jurisdictions. Where two ( or more) States aggregate their rights and obligations. This situation can occur in two separated circumstances. Firstly, when the States have concluded an agreement on the delimitation of continental shelf, as established by article 83.º (1) of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; where they pass to know exactly the limits of their jurisdictions. Based on that delimitation agreement, they might decide to jointly exploit the oil and natural gas. For that reason, they sign another international treaty dealing exclusivily with oil and natural gas to be exploited. The second situation arise when they are not able to conclude a delimitation boundary agreement; based on the spirit of article 83.º (3) of the Convention of 1982, they have to make every effort to enter into provisional arrangements of pratical nature. Thus, they can decide to develop, pending the agreement, oil activities, without the prejudice of the final delimitation and have access to the oil resources of the area that are not delimited yet. Notwithstanding the contexts sorrounding the conclusion of joint development agreements, it is argued, in this investigation that the practice of State on the joint development of oil and natural gas has been translated into the conclusion of international treaties and have been based on the international obligation of States to settle their disputes through pacific means. In undertaking that adventure, the States reduce oil production cost and avoid inefficient use of common deposits of oil and natural gas.
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Recursos naturais Recursos energéticos Minerais Plataforma continental Partilha Teses de mestrado - 2019