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Estudo da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em crianças e adolescentes submetidos a transplante renal
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Doença Renal Crónica (DRC) em crianças e adolescentes tem um grande impacto na
morbilidade, mortalidade e na qualidade de vida. O transplante renal é a terapêutica de
eleição para o estadio 5 da DRC nesta faixa etária, sendo a sobrevivência pós-transplante
muito elevada. Assim, um foco importante no tratamento desta doença deve ser a
manutenção da qualidade de vida. Os estudos sobre qualidade de vida em crianças
transplantadas renais são escassos, ilustrando a necessidade de existir maior
investigação nesta área.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em
crianças e adolescentes submetidos a transplante renal e seguidos no Hospital de Santa
Maria e comparar os resultados obtidos com os de crianças saudáveis.
Aplicou-se o questionário KIDSCREEN-52, validado para a língua portuguesa, em formato
de auto e heterorrelato, e recolheram-se dados demográficos e clínicos. O estudo foi
aprovado pela Comissão de Ética. Usou-se a estatística descritiva para caracterizar a
amostra e análise exploratória de dados para a pesquisa de correlações estatísticamente
significativas entre variáveis. A amostra final do presente estudo correspondeu a 20
indivíduos entre os 8 e 18 anos.
Verificou-se uma diferença estatísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre: géneros na
dimensão “saúde e atividade física”; função do enxerto e as dimensões “sobre si
próprio”, “aprendizagem e ambiente escolar” e “estado de humor geral”; e anemia e as
dimensões “saúde e atividade física” e “questões económicas”. As crianças e
adolescentes submetidos a transplante renal tenham uma menor qualidade de vida
relacionada com a saúde, em todos os domínios, do que a população Portuguesa e
Europeia da mesma faixa etária. Verificou-se que a anemia e função do enxerto estão
associadas a uma pior perceção da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde das
crianças e adolescentes. Estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de vida das crianças e
adolescentes transplantados renais são, assim, imprescindíveis.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and adolescents causes damage to multiple organs and systems, having a major impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease in this age group, with very high survival rates at 5, 10 and 15 years. Thus, the maintenance of quality of life is central when considering treatment approaches. Studies on the quality of life of pediatric kidney transplant recipients are scarce, illustrating the need for more research on this topic. The goal of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents submitted to a kidney transplant who were followed at Hospital de Santa Maria and to compare the results with healthy children. The questionnaire KIDSCREEN-52, validated for Portuguese, was applied in self- and proxy-report formats. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics and an exploratory data analysis was performed to look for statistically significant correlations between the variables. The final sample of this study consisted of 20 children and adolescents between 8 and 18 years old. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05): between genders in the “physical activities and health” dimension; graft function and the dimensions “about yourself”, “school and learning” and “general mood”; and anemia and the dimensions “physical activities and health” and “money matters”. The children and adolescents included in this study had a lower health-related quality of life, across all domains, when compared to the Portuguese and European population of the same age group. Anemia and graft function were associated with a worse perception of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Strategies to improve life quality in this group of patients are, therefore, much needed.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and adolescents causes damage to multiple organs and systems, having a major impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease in this age group, with very high survival rates at 5, 10 and 15 years. Thus, the maintenance of quality of life is central when considering treatment approaches. Studies on the quality of life of pediatric kidney transplant recipients are scarce, illustrating the need for more research on this topic. The goal of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life in children and adolescents submitted to a kidney transplant who were followed at Hospital de Santa Maria and to compare the results with healthy children. The questionnaire KIDSCREEN-52, validated for Portuguese, was applied in self- and proxy-report formats. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics and an exploratory data analysis was performed to look for statistically significant correlations between the variables. The final sample of this study consisted of 20 children and adolescents between 8 and 18 years old. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05): between genders in the “physical activities and health” dimension; graft function and the dimensions “about yourself”, “school and learning” and “general mood”; and anemia and the dimensions “physical activities and health” and “money matters”. The children and adolescents included in this study had a lower health-related quality of life, across all domains, when compared to the Portuguese and European population of the same age group. Anemia and graft function were associated with a worse perception of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Strategies to improve life quality in this group of patients are, therefore, much needed.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023
Palavras-chave
Insuficiência renal crónica Transplante renal Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde KIDSCREEN-52 Pediatria