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Influência dos estilos de vida e determinantes sociais na saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina : um estudo longitudinal numa escola médica portuguesa
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Introdução: Os estudantes universitários apresentam uma elevada prevalência de perturbações mentais e os estudantes de medicina são particularmente vulneráveis. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os níveis de saúde mental ao longo de um primeiro semestre do curso de medicina e identificar fatores que influenciam a saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina.
Método: Estudo observacional e longitudinal com três momentos de avaliação no início, meio e fim do primeiro semestre do ano letivo 2018-2019 de uma escola médica portuguesa. Os estudantes de medicina responderam a questões quanto às características sociodemográficas, desempenho académico, saúde mental, estilo de vida e determinantes sociais. Preencheram o Mental Health Inventory-5 e as versões revistas da Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social e do Questionário sobre o Estigma e Comportamentos de Procura de Ajuda Profissional.
Resultados: A amostra emparelhada é constituída pelos 108 estudantes que participaram nos três momentos do estudo e apresenta níveis de saúde mental de 20.58 no primeiro momento, diminuindo significativamente para 17.66 no segundo momento e para 17.22 no terceiro momento. Na amostra não emparelhada no terceiro momento (n = 332), verificou-se que os níveis de saúde mental são mais elevados entre os estudantes do sexo masculino e que se associam positivamente com a perceção de apoio social, a perceção da manutenção de hábitos alimentares e de sono equilibrados e a frequência de atividades extracurriculares, e negativamente com o consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos e com perceção de stress financeiro.
Conclusão: A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina piorou ao longo do primeiro semestre. A perceção de apoio social, os hábitos alimentares e de sono, seguidos pelo tempo semanal dedicado a atividades extracurriculares e o sexo masculino surgiram como os principais preditores da saúde mental dos estudantes. As escolas médicas devem desenvolver medidas que contribuam para a saúde mental dos seus estudantes.
Background: Among college students, a high level of mental disorders has been observed and medical students are particularly vulnerable. The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of mental health levels throughout a first semester of medical school and to identify the variables that may explain those changes. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was developed in which at three moments, respectively in the beginning, middle and end of the 1st semester of the 2018-2019 academic year students from a portuguese medical school answered questions related to their sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance, mental health, lifestyle and social determinants. The Mental Health Inventory-5, and the revised versions of the Social Support Satisfaction Scale and the Questionnaire on Stigma and Professional Help-Seeking Behaviour were applied. Results: The paired sample consisted of the 108 students who participated in the three moments, and initially presented mental health levels of 20.58, which dropped to 17.66 in the second moment and 17.22 in the third. When studying the non-paired sample in the third moment (n = 332), it was found that the levels of mental health are higher among male students and that they are positively associated with the perception of social support, of maintaining balanced eating and sleeping habits and the frequency of extracurricular activities. The consumption of anxiolytics and hypnotics, and the perception of financial stress were negatively correlated with mental health. Conclusion: Throughout the semester there is a decrease in mental health levels. The main predictors of mental health were the perception of social support, eating and sleeping habits, followed by the weekly time dedicated to extracurricular activities and being a male. Medical schools should focus on developing measures that contribute to the mental health of their students.
Background: Among college students, a high level of mental disorders has been observed and medical students are particularly vulnerable. The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of mental health levels throughout a first semester of medical school and to identify the variables that may explain those changes. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was developed in which at three moments, respectively in the beginning, middle and end of the 1st semester of the 2018-2019 academic year students from a portuguese medical school answered questions related to their sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance, mental health, lifestyle and social determinants. The Mental Health Inventory-5, and the revised versions of the Social Support Satisfaction Scale and the Questionnaire on Stigma and Professional Help-Seeking Behaviour were applied. Results: The paired sample consisted of the 108 students who participated in the three moments, and initially presented mental health levels of 20.58, which dropped to 17.66 in the second moment and 17.22 in the third. When studying the non-paired sample in the third moment (n = 332), it was found that the levels of mental health are higher among male students and that they are positively associated with the perception of social support, of maintaining balanced eating and sleeping habits and the frequency of extracurricular activities. The consumption of anxiolytics and hypnotics, and the perception of financial stress were negatively correlated with mental health. Conclusion: Throughout the semester there is a decrease in mental health levels. The main predictors of mental health were the perception of social support, eating and sleeping habits, followed by the weekly time dedicated to extracurricular activities and being a male. Medical schools should focus on developing measures that contribute to the mental health of their students.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Saúde mental Estudantes de medicina Estilo de vida Determinantes sociais