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Aviação Naval (1912-1924) : das origens à perda de Sacadura Cabral
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Em 28 de setembro de 1917 é formalmente criado o Serviço de Aviação da Armada, a primeira designação oficial da aviação da Marinha Portuguesa, genericamente conhecida por “Aviação Naval”.
Embora a Aviação Naval tenha sido ativada devido à urgência de combater a ameaça dos U-boat, a sua génese está intimamente ligada ao despertar da aviação em Portugal no início do Século XX e à perseverança e iniciativas de Sacadura Cabral.
Após o Armistício, Sacadura Cabral vai lançar a sua aviação em grandes viagens aéreas que vão culminar na Travessia Aérea do Atlântico Sul. Este foi o momento de maior júbilo nacional durante a I República e inquestionavelmente o maior feito aeronáutico de Portugal, que só poderia ter sido superado pelo projeto para a primeira circum-navegação aérea. Acabou por ser este último a despoletar uma série de eventos que levaram à perda de Sacadura Cabral no Mar do Norte e, por consequência, ao fim do período mais marcante e emblemático da Aviação Naval.
Apesar do prestígio que as viagens aéreas traziam para a Aviação Naval, neste período a corporação viveu numa época em que a conjuntura política nem sempre era favorável e a conjuntura económica foi sempre desfavorável. Isto traduziu-se num esforço titânico pela sobrevivência, sendo admirável a forma como a Aviação Naval conseguiu subsistir num ambiente tão hostil e com carências em todos os seus elementos funcionais, em especial no pessoal e infraestruturas. Mas foi exatamente esta luta pela sobrevivência que impeliu o líder destes poucos homens a procurar oportunidades de afirmação que acabaram por resultar nalguns dos mais notáveis feitos aeronáuticos de Portugal.
The Serviço de Aviação da Armada (Navy Air Service), more commonly known as Aviação Naval (Naval Aviation), was created on the 28th September 1917. Although it was activated at that moment in time due to the urgency to establish an effective antisubmarine defence following U-boat attacks along the portuguese coast, Naval Aviation origins are strongly connected to the advent of aviation in Portugal at the dawn of the 20th Century, as well to the drive Sacadura Cabral instilled into it and the initiatives he planned. Following the Armistice, Sacadura Cabral embarked his Service into some major flights, including the first South Atlantic Air Crossing. This was not only a unique, joyful moment during the Portuguese 1st Republic but also the most remarkable Portuguese aviation achievement, which would only have been surpassed if Sacadura Cabral’s project for the first round-the-world flight had reached fruition. The preparations for this last project triggered a series of events that led to his loss in the North Sea, an occurrence that entailed the end of the most remarkable period in Portuguese Naval Aviation history. Despite the prestige earned from these great accomplishments, Naval Aviation went through a period where the political context was not always favourable to its existence and the economical one never was. Due to this, it had to fight a constant struggle for survival; how Naval Aviation managed to persevere in such a hostile environment, with a huge lack of resources in all its functional elements, especially personnel and infrastructures, is even more remarkable. But it was this struggle for survival that prompted its leader, Sacadura Cabral, to seek opportunities to the value of his Service, which led to some of the most renowned Portuguese aviation achievements.
The Serviço de Aviação da Armada (Navy Air Service), more commonly known as Aviação Naval (Naval Aviation), was created on the 28th September 1917. Although it was activated at that moment in time due to the urgency to establish an effective antisubmarine defence following U-boat attacks along the portuguese coast, Naval Aviation origins are strongly connected to the advent of aviation in Portugal at the dawn of the 20th Century, as well to the drive Sacadura Cabral instilled into it and the initiatives he planned. Following the Armistice, Sacadura Cabral embarked his Service into some major flights, including the first South Atlantic Air Crossing. This was not only a unique, joyful moment during the Portuguese 1st Republic but also the most remarkable Portuguese aviation achievement, which would only have been surpassed if Sacadura Cabral’s project for the first round-the-world flight had reached fruition. The preparations for this last project triggered a series of events that led to his loss in the North Sea, an occurrence that entailed the end of the most remarkable period in Portuguese Naval Aviation history. Despite the prestige earned from these great accomplishments, Naval Aviation went through a period where the political context was not always favourable to its existence and the economical one never was. Due to this, it had to fight a constant struggle for survival; how Naval Aviation managed to persevere in such a hostile environment, with a huge lack of resources in all its functional elements, especially personnel and infrastructures, is even more remarkable. But it was this struggle for survival that prompted its leader, Sacadura Cabral, to seek opportunities to the value of his Service, which led to some of the most renowned Portuguese aviation achievements.
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Cabral, Artur Freire de Sacadura, 1881-1924 Coutinho, Gago, 1869-1959 Cerqueira, Afonso de, 1872-1957 Aviação naval - Portugal - 1912-1924 Voos transatlânticos - 1912-1924 Tese de mestrado - 2020