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O direito ao esquecimento é um direito fundamental de personalidade inserido na denominada quinta dimensão dos direitos fundamentais. Advém do contexto da sociedade de informação e das transformações tecnológicas ocorridas desde a Segunda Grande Guerra Mundial.
É um direito amparado no princípio da dignidade humana, apresentando partes em comum com os direitos à privacidade, à autodeterminação informativa e ao livre desenvolvimento da personalidade. Todavia, com eles não se confunde por possuir autonomia e características próprias, conforme esposados na doutrina e em acórdãos do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia, tais como Google x Mario Costeja e Google Inc. x CNIL, e em decisões de Tribunais locais.
Apresenta natureza transversal, ou seja, seu estudo compreende tanto a ciência jurídica como a ética, a filosofia, a área médica e a religião. E dentro da seara jurídica, transita nas áreas penal, civil, eleitoral, consumo, proteção de dados e ambiente. Portanto, apesar de ser catalogado pela doutrina como um “novel direito”, apresenta particularidades próprias de um verdadeiro direito autônomo, que visa assegurar a proteção do passado da pessoa individual ou coletiva.
O direito ao esquecimento não tem o objetivo de reconstruir a própria história ou modificar a vida pretérita do titular. Visa, tão somente, na medida do possível, alterar a forma como o sujeito é representado perante o próprio meio em que vive, em conformidade com seu novo momento de vida ou em razão da identidade dinâmica.
Como todo direito, o direito ao esquecimento apresenta restrições quando se está em discussão o exercício da liberdade de expressão e informação; o interesse público; âmbito territorial de aplicação e as ofensas ambientais.
Este último ponto relativo às ofensas ambientais apresenta importância, nos dias de hoje, em razão das consequências trazidas pelos danos ecológicos. Estes danos apresentam efeitos difusos que se prolongam no decorrer do tempo e possuem consequências imprevisíveis.
Por tais gravidades, as ofensas ambientais nunca podem ser esquecidas, principalmente, em razão: da primazia do direito do ambiente; da prevalência da memória coletiva; da necessidade de preservação da dignidade ecológica; do elevado nível de proteção do ambiente e do atendimento dos interesses das gerações futuras em conhecer o que ocorreu para não se cometer os mesmos erros do passado.
The right to be forgotten is a fundamental personality right within the so-called fifth dimension of fundamental rights. It comes from the context of the information society and technological changes that have occurred since the Second World War. It is a right supported by the principle of human dignity, presenting parts in common with the rights to privacy, informational self-determination and the free development of personality. However, they are not to be confused with their own autonomy and characteristics demonstrated in judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, such as Google x Mario Costeja and Google Inc. x CNIL and in decisions of local Courts. It has a transversal nature, that is, its study comprises both legal science and ethics, philosophy, the medical field and religion. And within the legal field, it transits in the criminal, civil, electoral, consumption, data protection and environment areas. Therefore, in spite of being classified by the doctrine as a “novel law”, it presents particularities of a true autonomous right, which aims to ensure the protection of the past of the individual or collective person. The right to be forgotten is not intended to reconstruct its own history or modify the holder's past life. It only aims, as far as possible, to change the way the subject is represented before the very environment in which he lives, in accordance with his new life moment or due to the dynamic identity. Like any right, the right to be forgotten has restrictions when discussing the exercise of freedom of expression and information; the public interest; territorial scope of application and environmental offenses. This last point related to environmental offenses is important today because of the consequences brought about by ecological damage. Such damage has diffuse effects that extend over time and have unpredictable consequences. Because of these severities, environmental offenses can never be forgotten, mainly due to: the primacy of the right to the environment; the prevalence of collective memory; the need to preserve ecological dignity; the high level of protection of the environment and meeting the interests of future generations in knowing what happened so as not to make the same mistakes as in the past.
The right to be forgotten is a fundamental personality right within the so-called fifth dimension of fundamental rights. It comes from the context of the information society and technological changes that have occurred since the Second World War. It is a right supported by the principle of human dignity, presenting parts in common with the rights to privacy, informational self-determination and the free development of personality. However, they are not to be confused with their own autonomy and characteristics demonstrated in judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union, such as Google x Mario Costeja and Google Inc. x CNIL and in decisions of local Courts. It has a transversal nature, that is, its study comprises both legal science and ethics, philosophy, the medical field and religion. And within the legal field, it transits in the criminal, civil, electoral, consumption, data protection and environment areas. Therefore, in spite of being classified by the doctrine as a “novel law”, it presents particularities of a true autonomous right, which aims to ensure the protection of the past of the individual or collective person. The right to be forgotten is not intended to reconstruct its own history or modify the holder's past life. It only aims, as far as possible, to change the way the subject is represented before the very environment in which he lives, in accordance with his new life moment or due to the dynamic identity. Like any right, the right to be forgotten has restrictions when discussing the exercise of freedom of expression and information; the public interest; territorial scope of application and environmental offenses. This last point related to environmental offenses is important today because of the consequences brought about by ecological damage. Such damage has diffuse effects that extend over time and have unpredictable consequences. Because of these severities, environmental offenses can never be forgotten, mainly due to: the primacy of the right to the environment; the prevalence of collective memory; the need to preserve ecological dignity; the high level of protection of the environment and meeting the interests of future generations in knowing what happened so as not to make the same mistakes as in the past.
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direito ao esquecimento direito fundamental de personalidade ofensas ambientais efeitos difusos gerações futuras the right to be forgotten fundamental personality right environmental offenses diffuse effects future generations
