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A política de desenvolvimento feminista : um estudo comparativo entre Alemanha e Canadá
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Resumo(s)
As teorias feministas têm influenciado a governança do desenvolvimento há décadas.
Nos últimos dez anos, diversos governos passaram a incorporar o termo feminismo para
redefinir as suas agendas políticas internacionais. Em 2017, o Canadá foi pioneiro ao
adotar uma estratégia feminista centrada no desenvolvimento internacional. Seguindo
esta tendência, a Alemanha anunciou, em 2023, o lançamento da sua Política de
Desenvolvimento Feminista. No entanto, a adoção da terminologia feminista não implica
a implementação das mesmas abordagens. Assim, esta tese de mestrado propõe-se
realizar uma análise comparativa das disposições normativas dos textos oficiais
publicados pelos governos da Alemanha e do Canadá, buscando comparar as narrativas
de ambas as políticas no que se refere às respetivas abordagens, fundamentos, estratégias,
objetivos, metas e recursos alocados, além dos desafios globais que se propõem resolver.
Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa do corpus dos textos,
comparando ambas as narrativas, foram ainda realizadas entrevistas com informantes
privilegiados atualmente em missão diplomática na Embaixada da Alemanha no Brasil e
na Embaixada do Canadá em Lisboa. Reconhecendo que o feminismo reflete a forma
como os governos desejam apresentar as suas políticas no contexto internacional, esta
pesquisa sublinha que, no plano retórico normativo, ambos os documentos seguem uma
política de desenvolvimento feminista ancorada numa abordagem transformacional,
ainda que com nuances. No caso da Alemanha, a abordagem apresenta-se como feminista
e mais ampla, assumindo a intersecção com abordagens feministas pós-coloniais e
antirracistas. Integra também como foco as pessoas LGBTQI+, pessoas com deficiência
e povos indígenas; no caso do Canadá, verifica-se uma transferência da integralidade pela
responsabilidade da implementação da política de desenvolvimento feminista por parte
do Estado para o sector privado. Esta orientação é próxima do feminismo neoliberal.
Ambas as políticas enfrentam o desafio de serem abordagens de desenvolvimento
feministas efetivamente transformadoras na sua implementação e impacto. Para que o
potencial de transformação se verifique, será ainda necessário que assegurem o
afastamento de abordagens neoliberais e instrumentalistas sobre a igualdade de género.
Feminist theories have influenced development governance for decades. In the past ten years, various governments have started to incorporate the term feminism to redefine their international political agendas. In 2017, Canada was a pioneer in adopting a feminist strategy focused on international development. Following this trend, Germany announced the launch of its Feminist Development Policy in 2023. However, the adoption of feminist terminology does not necessarily imply the implementation of the same approaches. Thus, this master’s thesis aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the normative provisions in the official texts published by the governments of Germany and Canada, seeking to compare the narratives of both policies with regard to their respective approaches, foundations, strategies, objectives, targets, and allocated resources, as well as the global challenges they aim to address. Methodologically, a qualitative analysis of the text corpus was conducted, comparing both narratives. Additionally, interviews were held with key informants currently on diplomatic missions at the German Embassy in Brazil and the Canadian Embassy in Lisbon. Recognizing that feminism reflects how governments wish to present their policies in the international context, this research highlights that, on a normative rhetorical level, both documents follow a feminist development policy grounded in a transformational approach, albeit with distinct nuances. In the case of Germany, the approach is presented as feminist and broader, incorporating intersections with post-colonial and anti-racist feminist perspectives. It also focuses on LGBTQI+ individuals, people with disabilities, and indigenous peoples. In the case of Canada, there is a transfer of responsibility for implementing the feminist development policy from the state to the private sector. This orientation is close to neoliberal feminism. Both policies face the challenge of being feminist development approaches that are effectively transformative in their implementation and impact. For their transformative potential to be realized, it will be necessary to ensure a departure from neoliberal and instrumentalist approaches to gender equality
Feminist theories have influenced development governance for decades. In the past ten years, various governments have started to incorporate the term feminism to redefine their international political agendas. In 2017, Canada was a pioneer in adopting a feminist strategy focused on international development. Following this trend, Germany announced the launch of its Feminist Development Policy in 2023. However, the adoption of feminist terminology does not necessarily imply the implementation of the same approaches. Thus, this master’s thesis aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the normative provisions in the official texts published by the governments of Germany and Canada, seeking to compare the narratives of both policies with regard to their respective approaches, foundations, strategies, objectives, targets, and allocated resources, as well as the global challenges they aim to address. Methodologically, a qualitative analysis of the text corpus was conducted, comparing both narratives. Additionally, interviews were held with key informants currently on diplomatic missions at the German Embassy in Brazil and the Canadian Embassy in Lisbon. Recognizing that feminism reflects how governments wish to present their policies in the international context, this research highlights that, on a normative rhetorical level, both documents follow a feminist development policy grounded in a transformational approach, albeit with distinct nuances. In the case of Germany, the approach is presented as feminist and broader, incorporating intersections with post-colonial and anti-racist feminist perspectives. It also focuses on LGBTQI+ individuals, people with disabilities, and indigenous peoples. In the case of Canada, there is a transfer of responsibility for implementing the feminist development policy from the state to the private sector. This orientation is close to neoliberal feminism. Both policies face the challenge of being feminist development approaches that are effectively transformative in their implementation and impact. For their transformative potential to be realized, it will be necessary to ensure a departure from neoliberal and instrumentalist approaches to gender equality
Descrição
Mestrado Bolonha em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Palavras-chave
Abordagens feministas Política de Desenvolvimento Feminista Análise comparativa Canadá Alemanha Feminist approaches Feminist Development Policy Comparative analysis Canada Germany
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Kerntopf, Danielle Giovanna (2024). “A política de desenvolvimento feminista : um estudo comparativo entre Alemanha e Canadá”. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão