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Cohesion in multiteam systems : effects of type of training and adaptation triggers on levels of social and task cohesion - an experimental study
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Verificou-se, na última década, uma expansão significativa da literatura sobre sistemas multiequipa,
apontando-se a necessidade de melhor compreender a variável coesão nestes
sistemas. Os sistemas multi-equipa operam frequentemente em ambientes extremos e
imprevisíveis, que requerem treino especializado e elevados níveis de coesão. O efeito do
treino sobre a coesão, ao nível dos multi-sistemas, é uma área de investigação que tem
recebido pouca atenção. A presente investigação pretende colmatar esta lacuna ao investigar
a variação nos níveis de coesão social e de tarefa afectada por tipo de treino, e na presença de
um estímulo espontâneo indutor de stress. Para tal criou-se um desenho experimental 2x2
inter-sujeitos. Pediu-se aos participantes que imaginassem um cenário fictício onde fizessem
parte de uma de duas equipas. Estas equipas estariam envolvidas num projecto de
investigação. As condições foram manipuladas de modo a que ambas as equipas treinassem
em conjunto, ou separadamente. Também foi manipulada uma situação de crise indutora de
stress. Durante o projecto de investigação poderia ocorrer uma crise que afectaria a multiequipa,
ou poderia não ocorrer. Seguidamente, os participantes tinham que responder a um
questionário que media coesão social e de tarefa. Verificou-se um maior nível de coesão de
tarefa para treino conjunto do que para treino separado. Esta diferença não foi verificada para
coesão social. As condições de crise tiveram como resultado menores níveis de coesão social
e de tarefa. Por fim, não se verificou que os níveis de coesão social e de tarefa fossem
maiores em multi-equipas que treinassem em conjunto, em condições de crise, do que em
multi-equipas que treinassem separadamente. Futuras oportunidades de investigação sobre
coesão em sistemas multi-equipa são exploradas na discussão.
The literature regarding multiteam systems (MTSs) has increased significantly over the last decade, however there is still a need to comprehend how task and social cohesion work in these systems. Multiteam systems often work in fast-changing, extreme environments, which require specialized training and high levels of cohesion in order to adequately deal with possible challenges. One area where little research has been conducted is on the effects of training on cohesion at the multisystem level. The present research addresses this gap by investigating how social and task cohesion levels vary by type of training, and in the presence of acute stress-inducing triggers. An experimental 2x2 between subjects design was created, which required individual participants to picture a fictitious scenario in which they belonged to one of two teams participating in a research project. Conditions were manipulated so as to indicate that teams either trained together or separately. A stress-inducing crisis situation was also manipulated. During the project, a crisis affecting the team could occur or not occur. Participants would then complete a questionnaire measuring social and task cohesion. It was found that joint training resulted in higher task cohesion over separate training; no such difference was found for social cohesion. Crisis conditions resulted in lower social and task cohesion levels. Finally, no support was found for higher social and task cohesion for multiteams who trained together when facing an adaptation trigger, over multiteams who trained separately. Future research opportunities into MTS cohesion are explored in the discussion.
The literature regarding multiteam systems (MTSs) has increased significantly over the last decade, however there is still a need to comprehend how task and social cohesion work in these systems. Multiteam systems often work in fast-changing, extreme environments, which require specialized training and high levels of cohesion in order to adequately deal with possible challenges. One area where little research has been conducted is on the effects of training on cohesion at the multisystem level. The present research addresses this gap by investigating how social and task cohesion levels vary by type of training, and in the presence of acute stress-inducing triggers. An experimental 2x2 between subjects design was created, which required individual participants to picture a fictitious scenario in which they belonged to one of two teams participating in a research project. Conditions were manipulated so as to indicate that teams either trained together or separately. A stress-inducing crisis situation was also manipulated. During the project, a crisis affecting the team could occur or not occur. Participants would then complete a questionnaire measuring social and task cohesion. It was found that joint training resulted in higher task cohesion over separate training; no such difference was found for social cohesion. Crisis conditions resulted in lower social and task cohesion levels. Finally, no support was found for higher social and task cohesion for multiteams who trained together when facing an adaptation trigger, over multiteams who trained separately. Future research opportunities into MTS cohesion are explored in the discussion.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Coesão social Treino desportivo Stress (Psicologia) Teses de mestrado - 2016