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Aplicações psicológicas e psiquiátricas da Ayahuasca
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Resumo(s)
Esta revisão bibliográfica centra-se nas aplicações psiquiátricas e psicológicas da ayahuasca, uma decocção originária da Amazónia, elaborada através da fervura de uma liana denominada Banisteriopsis caapi e de folhas de um arbusto, Psychotria viridis. Para tal, foram revistos vários trabalhos, de forma a reunir a informação existente acerca destas temáticas.
A nível da psiquiatria, foram demonstrados benefícios da toma de ayahuasca em transtornos de adição a drogas, transtornos de ansiedade e pânico, bem como na depressão major. Na adição, existem centros sul-americanos que obtém altas taxas de sucesso com a sua metodologia, reabilitando os pacientes de forma bastante eficiente. Nas outras patologias, os voluntários dos estudos apresentaram uma redução da sintomatologia, mantida ao longo do tempo. Ainda assim, parece necessária a realização de estudos com amostras populacionais maiores, bem como com um desenho que forneça maior grau de evidência científica.
A nível da psicologia, o consumo de ayahuasca aparenta ter efeitos benéficos na promoção de comportamentos melhor ajustados e socialmente integradores, assim como parece ser capaz de aumentar a criatividade, não só artística, mas também científica.
Assim, pode-se concluir que esta decocção tem diversos potenciais, quer médicos quer socio-culturais, cuja exploração poderá ser proveitosa para a Humanidade.
This literature review focuses on the psychiatric and psychological applications of ayahuasca, an Amazonic decoction prepared by the indigenous peoples by boiling a liana called Banisteriopsis caapi together with leaves of a bush, Psychotria viridis. To accomplish that, several works were reviewed in order to bring together existing information on such issues. On the psychiatric field, benefits from the intake of ayahasca were shown in substance use disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, as well as in major depression. In addictions, there are South American centres which obtain high success rates with their methodology, rehabilitating patients in a very effective way. For the other pathologies, the studies’ volunteers show a time-maintained reduction of their symptomatology. Nevertheless, it appears necessary the execution of studies with bigger sample, as well as study models which provide a stronger scientific evidence.On the psychological field, the ayahuasca intake appears to have beneficial effects on the promotion of better well-ajusted and socially integrating behaviours, as well as it seems to be able to increase creativity, not only artistic, but also scientific. Thus, it can be concluded that this decoction has several potentialities, both medical and sociocultural, which investigation could be fruitful for Humanity.
This literature review focuses on the psychiatric and psychological applications of ayahuasca, an Amazonic decoction prepared by the indigenous peoples by boiling a liana called Banisteriopsis caapi together with leaves of a bush, Psychotria viridis. To accomplish that, several works were reviewed in order to bring together existing information on such issues. On the psychiatric field, benefits from the intake of ayahasca were shown in substance use disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, as well as in major depression. In addictions, there are South American centres which obtain high success rates with their methodology, rehabilitating patients in a very effective way. For the other pathologies, the studies’ volunteers show a time-maintained reduction of their symptomatology. Nevertheless, it appears necessary the execution of studies with bigger sample, as well as study models which provide a stronger scientific evidence.On the psychological field, the ayahuasca intake appears to have beneficial effects on the promotion of better well-ajusted and socially integrating behaviours, as well as it seems to be able to increase creativity, not only artistic, but also scientific. Thus, it can be concluded that this decoction has several potentialities, both medical and sociocultural, which investigation could be fruitful for Humanity.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016
Palavras-chave
Ayahuasca Psiquiatria Psicologia