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Asma: modelos experimentais, vias celulares e novos alvos terapêuticos
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Esta revisão conjunta tem como objectivo entender os métodos animais que são utilizados para o estudo da asma, a sua contribuição para o conhecimento sobre esta patologia, bem como as diversas variações que existem entre eles.
A asma é uma patologia alérgica do foro respiratório que apresenta um número ascendente de casos, essencialmente nos países desenvolvidos.
Esta patologia é caracterizada por uma reacção inflamatória marcada a quando da exposição a um alérgeno ou agente desencadeante, ocorrendo um estreitamento das vias respiratórias, resultando numa dificuldade em respirar. A asma apresenta um carácter crónico com exacerbações, funcionando por surtos e surge predominantemente na idade infantil.
Os estudos laboratoriais realizados em animais sempre foram o melhor meio de obtenção de informação sobre esta patologia, mas é importante conhecer até que ponto, os métodos são fiéis ao que realmente se passa no humano, de forma a ser possível realizar uma extrapolação coerente. Os métodos utilizados inicialmente apresentavam diversas limitações, não transmitindo de forma real a asma clínica, sendo necessário inventar novos protocolos que aperfeiçoassem os modelos existentes.
Como tal é imperativo estudar os diversos protocolos, percebendo as suas limitações e as formas possíveis de os melhorar. É necessário ter em conta que modelos que mimetizem as condições da patologia no humano, permitem um melhor conhecimento sobre esta, bem como novas formas de a combaterem, chegando-se a novos alvos terapêuticos de forma a que se reverta a situação actual.
This review aims to understand the animal models used to the study of asthma, their contribution to the knowledge about this disease, as well as several variations that exist between them. Asthma is an allergic disease of the respiratory disorders that presents a rising number of cases, mainly in developed countries, due to increased urban centers in these countries and the consequent increase in air pollution. This pathology is characterized by a marked inflammatory reaction when exposed to an allergen or triggering agent leading to a narrowing of airways, due to various factors, culminating in difficulty in breathing. Asthma has a chronic character with exacerbations, relapses and emerges predominantly in childhood. Laboratory studies in animals have always been the best means of obtaining information about this disease, but it is important to know to what extent the methods are true to what really goes on in the human, in order to be able to hold a consistent extrapolation. The methods used a few years ago had several limitations, not showing the real way of clinical asthma, being necessary to research new protocols, upgrading the existing ones. As such it is imperative to study the various protocols, realizing their limitations and possible ways to improve them. It is necessary to note that models that mimic the conditions of the human asthma, allow a better understanding about this disease, as well as new ways to fight, gathering new and improved therapeutic targets in a way that reverses the current situation.
This review aims to understand the animal models used to the study of asthma, their contribution to the knowledge about this disease, as well as several variations that exist between them. Asthma is an allergic disease of the respiratory disorders that presents a rising number of cases, mainly in developed countries, due to increased urban centers in these countries and the consequent increase in air pollution. This pathology is characterized by a marked inflammatory reaction when exposed to an allergen or triggering agent leading to a narrowing of airways, due to various factors, culminating in difficulty in breathing. Asthma has a chronic character with exacerbations, relapses and emerges predominantly in childhood. Laboratory studies in animals have always been the best means of obtaining information about this disease, but it is important to know to what extent the methods are true to what really goes on in the human, in order to be able to hold a consistent extrapolation. The methods used a few years ago had several limitations, not showing the real way of clinical asthma, being necessary to research new protocols, upgrading the existing ones. As such it is imperative to study the various protocols, realizing their limitations and possible ways to improve them. It is necessary to note that models that mimic the conditions of the human asthma, allow a better understanding about this disease, as well as new ways to fight, gathering new and improved therapeutic targets in a way that reverses the current situation.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Asma Fisiopatologia Modelos animais Modelos crónicos Modelos agudos Doença pulmonar alérgica Mestrado Integrado - 2014