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O impacto do NAFTA na indústria maquiladora mexicana
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Um tema que recentemente tem chamado a atenção de muitos autores e à volta do qual
tem havido acesa discussão é o que se refere à integração regional. Os acordos regionais
preferenciais, sejam eles zonas de comércio livre ou uniões aduaneiras, têm suscitado um
grande debate acerca dos seus efeitos e impactos sobre as economias e os sectores dos países
envolvidos, bem como dos efeitos e impactos sobre países terceiros. Em particular, as
negociações e a assinatura do NAFTA foi algo que veio contribuir para o aumento dessa
discussão.
Por outro lado, a indústria maquiladora mexicana é um exemplo de uma zona de
aperfeiçoamento activo constituída na década de sessenta, tendo aparecido num contexto
económico, nacional e internacional, completamente diferente do que existe hoje em dia, tendo
estado à parte do resto da economia mexicana, ao mesmo tempo que se manteve fortemente
envolvida com a economia dos EUA. Esta indústria tem funcionado como o motor de
desenvolvimento para a região fronteiriça do México com os EUA, na qual se encontra
estabelecida, a qual se tem desenvolvido a níveis muito superiores dos das outras regiões,
contribuindo assim para o agravamento das assimetrias que existem entre aquela região e o
resto do país.
O presente trabalho procura tirar algumas conclusões acerca do impacto que o NAFTA
terá sobre esta indústria, uma vez que esta tem características bastante particulares, podendo
aquele Acordo ter um impacto diferente sobre ela do que sobre o resto da economia mexicana.
Num contexto em que a economia mexicana muito tem mudado, abandonado uma política
fortemente proteccionista assente na substituição de importações e enveredando pela
liberalização da sua economia, a adesão ao NAFTA foi um dos capítulos recentes mais
importantes para o país.
A theme under discussion which has been calling the attention of many authors is regional integration. The preferential trade agreements, such as the ffee trade areas or the custom unions, have suscitated a long debate about their effects and impacts on the economies and the countries' sectors involved, as well as their effects and impacts on third countries. In particular, the negotiations and the NAFTA signature was something that contributed for the increase of this discussion. On the other hand, the mexican maqudadora industry is an example of an export processing zone constituted in the sixties, having appeared in a economical context, national and international, completely different of what actually exists, being until now aside ffom the rest of the mexican economy, in the same time that maintained heavily involved with the USA economy. This industry has fiinctioned as the development engine for the mexican border region with the USA, in which is established, and therefore developed at much superior leveis of other regions, contributing to the asymmetries aggravation that exists between that region and rest of the country. The present study draws a conclusion about the impact of the NAFTA on this industry, which has many particular characteristics, and that agreement may have a different impact over this one that on the rest of the economy. In a context in which the mexican economy has changed deeply, abandoning a strongly protectionist policy based upon the import substitution and heading for economy liberalization, the NAFTA adhesion was one of the more important recent chapters for the country.
A theme under discussion which has been calling the attention of many authors is regional integration. The preferential trade agreements, such as the ffee trade areas or the custom unions, have suscitated a long debate about their effects and impacts on the economies and the countries' sectors involved, as well as their effects and impacts on third countries. In particular, the negotiations and the NAFTA signature was something that contributed for the increase of this discussion. On the other hand, the mexican maqudadora industry is an example of an export processing zone constituted in the sixties, having appeared in a economical context, national and international, completely different of what actually exists, being until now aside ffom the rest of the mexican economy, in the same time that maintained heavily involved with the USA economy. This industry has fiinctioned as the development engine for the mexican border region with the USA, in which is established, and therefore developed at much superior leveis of other regions, contributing to the asymmetries aggravation that exists between that region and rest of the country. The present study draws a conclusion about the impact of the NAFTA on this industry, which has many particular characteristics, and that agreement may have a different impact over this one that on the rest of the economy. In a context in which the mexican economy has changed deeply, abandoning a strongly protectionist policy based upon the import substitution and heading for economy liberalization, the NAFTA adhesion was one of the more important recent chapters for the country.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia Internacional
Palavras-chave
Zonas de aperfeiçoamento activo Integração regional NAFTA Maquiladoras México Zona de comércio livre Export processing zones Regional integration NAFTA Free trade areas
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Bastos, David Alexandre Rodrigues (1998)." O impacto do NAFTA na indústria maquiladora mexicana". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.