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Contributo para a caraterização da cultura política em São Tomé e Príncipe 1990 - 2018:Caso do Distrito de Água Grande Estudo exploratório
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A cultura política é um conceito rico em perspetivas epistemológicas, ideológicas e culturais.
A cultura política indica um amplo campo de pesquisa e debate, abrindo caminho à reflexão
das atitudes e comportamentos dos cidadãos, do grau de confiança sobre as instituições
políticas, da avaliação das políticas das instituições, identidades partidárias e do estudo dos
conflitos políticos. O conceito de cultura cívica foi introduzido pela obra fundacional The
Civic Culture: political attitudes and democracy in five countries, de Gabriel A. Almond e
Sidney Verba, publicada em 1963. A cultura cívica centra-se nas atitudes e orientações dos
cidadãos em relação aos assuntos políticos: o termo cultura política refere-se às orientações
especificamente políticas, às atitudes com respeito ao regime político, suas diversas partes e
o papel dos cidadãos na vida pública (Almond e Verba, 1989, p. 12). É este conceito que
adotamos nesta pesquisa.
Esta investigação tem como objeto de estudo apresentar um contributo para a caracterização
da cultura política em São Tomé e Príncipe (STP) de 1990 a 2018, adoptando como campo de
estudo o Distrito de Água Grande. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório. O seu objetivo geral é
o de identificar e analisar o tipo da cultura política predominante em São Tomé e Príncipe, e
investigar se a abertura democrática gerou bases para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura
política participativa e democrática.
A pergunta de partida que orientará este estudo é: qual é o tipo da cultura política
predominante em São Tomé e Príncipe? Para responder a esta pergunta e atingir o objetivo
traçado utilizaram-se as técnicas do focusgroup e da análise do conteúdo. Propomo-nos
estudar o tipo de cultura política predominante na sociedade são-tomense. Para tal, o conceito
de cultura política é operacionalizado como um fenómeno permanente, ativo e que dá
configuração à atividade quotidiana dos cidadãos, com impacto na maneira como estes
cumprem os seus deveres, assumem os seus direitos ou reivindicam as suas necessidades não
atendidas (Santo, 2011).
Como resultados esperados pretendemos identificar o tipo de cultura política predominante em
São Tomé e Príncipe, tendo em conta os atores principais do regime político são-tomense, ou
sejam, as elites políticas, as instituições políticas e, mais concretamente, o poder político, os
partidos políticos, a comunicação social, as igrejas e os tribunais.
O trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. A primeira é a parte teoríca onde é feita a revisão da literatura dos principais conceitos e orientações teóricas desta investigação. A
segunda parte deste trabalho de investigação baseia-se na análise dos resultados dos diferentes
focusgroups realizados os quais foram divididos em três grupos: elites, jovens universitários e
jovens “comuns”. Propusemo-nos estudar os são-tomenses e auscultá-los sobre o seu contexto
no plano da cultura política. O guião de entrevista que serviu de base aos focusgroups foi
baseado no formulário do projeto internacional World Values Survey (WVS), o qual foi
adequado e enriquecido com as tendências expressas durante as reuniões-discussão dos vários
focusgroups.
Na discussão dos resultados reflete-se acerca das culturas políticas presentes em São Tomé e
Príncipe, a existência de traços das três culturas políticas, identificadas em Almond e Verba,
havendo, no entanto, maior afirmação no plano dos traços da cultura política de sujeição, com
traços de cultura política assertiva, de acordo com o pensamento de Dalton e Wezel.
Political culture is a concept rich in epistemological, ideological and cultural perspectives. It indicates a broad field of research and debates, which takes into account the attitude and behaviors of citizens, the degree of trust of society, acceptance or refusal of political actions of institutions, party identities and the unleashing of political conflicts. According to Almond and Verba published in 1963, the term political culture refers to specific political orientations and attitudes towards the political system, its various parts, and the role of citizens in public life. It is this concept that we adopted in this research. The purpose of this research is presents a contribution to the characterization of the political culture in Sao Tome and Principe (STP) from 1990 to 2018, adopting as a field of study the District of Água Grande. It is an exploratory study. The object of this study is the political culture of the santomean elites, and its general objective is to identify and analyze the type of political culture prevailing in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) and to investigate whether if democratic openness has created a basis on which a democratic political culture is flourishing together with a participatory and democratic political culture. This study’s guiding question focuses on what type of political culture prevails in São Tomé and Príncipe? To answer this question and achieve the goal outlined, we use the focus group technique and the content analysis applied according to the methodology. We propose to study the type of prevailing political culture in São Tomé society. To this end, the concept of political culture is operationalized as a permanent concept and phenomenon that gives shape to the daily activity of citizens, with an impact on the way in which they perform their duties, assume their rights or claim their unmet needs (Santo, 2011). We intend at the end of the paper, identify the type of political culture prevalent in São Tomé and Príncipe, taking into, taking into account the main actors of the santomean political system, that is, its elites politics and political instittutions, such as: political power, political parties, the media, churches and the courts.The work is divided into two parts. The first is the theoretical part where the literature review of the main concepts and theoretical orientations of this investigation is carried out. The second part of this research work is based on the analysis of the results of the different focus groups carried out, which were divided into three groups: elites, university students and “ordinary” young people. We set out to study Sao Tome and listen to them about their context in terms of Sao Tome's political culture. The interview guide that served as the basis for the focus groups was based on the form of the international project World Values Survey (WVS), which was adequate and enriched with the trends expressed during the discussion meetings of the various focus groups. In the discussion of the results, it is reflected about the political cultures present in São Tomé and Príncipe, the existence of traces of the three political cultures, identified in Almond and Verba, with, however, greater affirmation in terms of the political culture traces of subjection, with traces of assertive political culture, according to the thinking of Dalton and Wezel.
Political culture is a concept rich in epistemological, ideological and cultural perspectives. It indicates a broad field of research and debates, which takes into account the attitude and behaviors of citizens, the degree of trust of society, acceptance or refusal of political actions of institutions, party identities and the unleashing of political conflicts. According to Almond and Verba published in 1963, the term political culture refers to specific political orientations and attitudes towards the political system, its various parts, and the role of citizens in public life. It is this concept that we adopted in this research. The purpose of this research is presents a contribution to the characterization of the political culture in Sao Tome and Principe (STP) from 1990 to 2018, adopting as a field of study the District of Água Grande. It is an exploratory study. The object of this study is the political culture of the santomean elites, and its general objective is to identify and analyze the type of political culture prevailing in São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) and to investigate whether if democratic openness has created a basis on which a democratic political culture is flourishing together with a participatory and democratic political culture. This study’s guiding question focuses on what type of political culture prevails in São Tomé and Príncipe? To answer this question and achieve the goal outlined, we use the focus group technique and the content analysis applied according to the methodology. We propose to study the type of prevailing political culture in São Tomé society. To this end, the concept of political culture is operationalized as a permanent concept and phenomenon that gives shape to the daily activity of citizens, with an impact on the way in which they perform their duties, assume their rights or claim their unmet needs (Santo, 2011). We intend at the end of the paper, identify the type of political culture prevalent in São Tomé and Príncipe, taking into, taking into account the main actors of the santomean political system, that is, its elites politics and political instittutions, such as: political power, political parties, the media, churches and the courts.The work is divided into two parts. The first is the theoretical part where the literature review of the main concepts and theoretical orientations of this investigation is carried out. The second part of this research work is based on the analysis of the results of the different focus groups carried out, which were divided into three groups: elites, university students and “ordinary” young people. We set out to study Sao Tome and listen to them about their context in terms of Sao Tome's political culture. The interview guide that served as the basis for the focus groups was based on the form of the international project World Values Survey (WVS), which was adequate and enriched with the trends expressed during the discussion meetings of the various focus groups. In the discussion of the results, it is reflected about the political cultures present in São Tomé and Príncipe, the existence of traces of the three political cultures, identified in Almond and Verba, with, however, greater affirmation in terms of the political culture traces of subjection, with traces of assertive political culture, according to the thinking of Dalton and Wezel.
Descrição
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Sociais, na especialidade em Desenvolvimento Socioeconómico
Palavras-chave
Cultura política Democracia Desenvolvimento socioeconómico Partido político Elites e elites políticas Political culture Democracy Socioeconomic development Political party Elites and political elites
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas