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O ensino da estatística e probabilidade ao nível pré-graduado com recurso à folha de cálculo Excel
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Resumo(s)
Numa sociedade em constante mutação e desenvolvimento, o ensino assume um papel preponderante quer na integração e compreensão da mesma quer na “produção” de novo conhecimento trilhando caminhos cada vez mais exigentes. As novas tecnologias são, actualmente, uma das armas principais numa sociedade de conhecimento onde o volume de informação é cada vez maior. Por esse motivo, o computador tem-se revelado nos últimos tempos um meio auxiliar, potentíssimo, ao serviço do ensino. É sob esta perspectiva, que o presente trabalho se desenrola, apresentando formas de abordar o ensino da estatística e probabilidade usando a simples folha de cálculo Excel, um programa facilmente acessível a todos. Após a introdução, o trabalho apresenta um capítulo onde se faz uma breve incursão por alguns países na tentativa de perceber quais os conteúdos de estatística e probabilidade, actualmente, trabalhados ao nível pré-graduado e também qual o papel das novas tecnologias no ensino destes mesmos conteúdos. Segue-se um capítulo sobre a educação estatística e a tecnologia que começa com uma abordagem do ponto de vista histórico sobre a educação estatística e termina com o papel e importância da tecnologia no ensino da estatística. O último capítulo tem um carácter mais prático na medida em que apresenta formas de utilização de algumas ferramentas disponibilizadas pela folha de cálculo no ensino de conteúdos de estatística e probabilidade ao nível pré-graduado em Portugal. Deve ficar claro que os procedimentos apresentados neste último capítulo não pretendem de forma alguma ser uma alternativa ou até substituir o ensino de técnicas clássicas de estatística e probabilidade até hoje utilizadas mas servir antes como um complemento e meio auxiliar na compreensão de alguns conceitos. Espera-se que este trabalho possa não só ser útil, quer para aqueles professores que manifestam ainda uma certa relutância em utilizar as novas tecnologias nas suas aulas quer para os alunos, mas também que consiga despertar a curiosidade, de professores e alunos, motivando à descoberta de novas formas de utilização da folha de cálculo no ensino da estatística e probabilidade.
In a society in constant change and development, teaching plays a paramount role, both in its integration and understanding, and in the “production” of new knowledge, going through ever demanding paths. New technologies are, at present, one of the main resources of a knowledge society, with its ever growing volume of information. Owing to this, computers have recently become a very powerful tool at the service of teaching. It is under this perspective that the present work develops, introducing ways of approaching the teaching of statistics and probability by using a mere Excel spreadsheet, an application easily accessible to everyone. After the introduction, the work presents a chapter where a short incursion is made throughout some countries, in an attempt to understand which are the contents of statistics and probability that are dealt with at undergraduate level as well as what is the role of new technologies in the teaching of those contents. A chapter about statistics education and technology follows, which begins with an historic approach about statistics education and ends with the role and importance of technology in the teaching of statistics. The last chapter has a practical characteristic, since it introduces ways of using some of the tools available in the spreadsheet in the teaching of statistics and probability contents at undergraduate level in Portugal. It should be clear that the procedures used in this last chapter do not intend, by any means, to be an alternative or even replace the teaching of classic statistics and probability techniques used so far, but to be considered as a complementary and as auxiliary tool in the understanding of some concepts. It is hoped that the present work may not only be useful, both to those teachers who express some reluctance in using new technologies in the classroom and to students, but also that it may arouse the curiosity of teachers and students, motivating them to discover new ways of using the spreadsheet in the teaching of statistics and probability.
In a society in constant change and development, teaching plays a paramount role, both in its integration and understanding, and in the “production” of new knowledge, going through ever demanding paths. New technologies are, at present, one of the main resources of a knowledge society, with its ever growing volume of information. Owing to this, computers have recently become a very powerful tool at the service of teaching. It is under this perspective that the present work develops, introducing ways of approaching the teaching of statistics and probability by using a mere Excel spreadsheet, an application easily accessible to everyone. After the introduction, the work presents a chapter where a short incursion is made throughout some countries, in an attempt to understand which are the contents of statistics and probability that are dealt with at undergraduate level as well as what is the role of new technologies in the teaching of those contents. A chapter about statistics education and technology follows, which begins with an historic approach about statistics education and ends with the role and importance of technology in the teaching of statistics. The last chapter has a practical characteristic, since it introduces ways of using some of the tools available in the spreadsheet in the teaching of statistics and probability contents at undergraduate level in Portugal. It should be clear that the procedures used in this last chapter do not intend, by any means, to be an alternative or even replace the teaching of classic statistics and probability techniques used so far, but to be considered as a complementary and as auxiliary tool in the understanding of some concepts. It is hoped that the present work may not only be useful, both to those teachers who express some reluctance in using new technologies in the classroom and to students, but also that it may arouse the curiosity of teachers and students, motivating them to discover new ways of using the spreadsheet in the teaching of statistics and probability.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Probabilidades e Estatística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2009
Palavras-chave
Currículo Ensino Estatística e probabilidade Educação estatística Tecnologia Folha de cálculo Excel Teses de mestrado - 2009