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A importância da microbiota e da sua modulação na Síndrome do Intestino Irritável : revisão narrativa da literatura
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Resumo(s)
A síndrome do intestino irritável (SII) é a patologia funcional gastrointestinal mais frequente que se caracteriza por dor abdominal recorrente, alteração dos hábitos intestinais e distensão abdominal por um período de pelo menos 12 semanas. Para além de ser uma patologia frequente, condiciona uma diminuição significativa da qualidade de vida destes doentes.
Nos últimos anos, vários estudos têm vindo a reconhecer a importância da microbiota intestinal na fisiopatologia da SII. A microbiota está envolvida em processos fundamentais, como o desenvolvimento do sistema imunitário, a manutenção da homeostasia do trato gastrointestinal e a digestão de hidratos de carbono não-digeridos. O seu desequilíbrio, isto é, a disbiose, contribui para a SII. Deste modo, têm surgido novas terapêuticas que têm o objetivo de modular a microbiota, a fim de restabelecer a sua homeostase.
O objectivo desta revisão narrativa da literatura é salientar o papel da microbiota, avaliando a disbiose, e desta forma, analisar a pertinência destas novas terapêuticas no alívio dos sintomas destes doentes.
Nesta revisão narrativa, a informação foi obtida através da pesquisa de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed e MEDLINE, durante o período de Janeiro de 2014 a Fevereiro de 2022, com a combinação da palavra-chave “Síndrome do intestino irritável” com as de “disbiose”, “probióticos”, “dieta” e “transplante fecal”. Foram ainda incluídos artigos científicos de estudos referenciados em meta-análises encontradas nesta pesquisa. Os artigos sofreram ainda uma segunda seleção com base na leitura dos respetivos resumos. Foram considerados artigos redigidos em Português, Inglês e Espanhol.
bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits and abdominal distension for a period of at least 12 weeks. In addition of being a frequent condition, it causes a significant decrease in the quality of life of these patients. Recently, several studies have recognised the importance of the intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of IBS. The microbiota is involved in critical processes such as the development of the immune system, maintenance of homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and digestion of non-digested carbohydrates. Its imbalance, known as dysbiosis, contributes to IBS. Therefore, new therapies have emerged that aim to modulate the microbiota in order to restore its homeostasis. The aim of this narrative literature review is to highlight the role of the microbiota, assessing dysbiosis, and thus analysing the relevance of these new therapies in relieving the symptoms of these patients. For this review, information was obtained by searching for articles published in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, during the period from January 2014 to February 2022, with the combination of the keyword "irritable bowel syndrome" with those of "dysbiosis", "probiotics", "diet" and "faecal transplantation". Scientific articles of studies referenced in meta-analyses found in this search were also included. The articles underwent a second selection based on the reading of the respective abstracts. Articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish were considered.
bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterised by recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits and abdominal distension for a period of at least 12 weeks. In addition of being a frequent condition, it causes a significant decrease in the quality of life of these patients. Recently, several studies have recognised the importance of the intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of IBS. The microbiota is involved in critical processes such as the development of the immune system, maintenance of homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and digestion of non-digested carbohydrates. Its imbalance, known as dysbiosis, contributes to IBS. Therefore, new therapies have emerged that aim to modulate the microbiota in order to restore its homeostasis. The aim of this narrative literature review is to highlight the role of the microbiota, assessing dysbiosis, and thus analysing the relevance of these new therapies in relieving the symptoms of these patients. For this review, information was obtained by searching for articles published in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, during the period from January 2014 to February 2022, with the combination of the keyword "irritable bowel syndrome" with those of "dysbiosis", "probiotics", "diet" and "faecal transplantation". Scientific articles of studies referenced in meta-analyses found in this search were also included. The articles underwent a second selection based on the reading of the respective abstracts. Articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish were considered.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022
Palavras-chave
Síndrome do intestino irritável Disbiose Dieta transplante fecal Probióticos Gastroenterologia