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Os trabalhos de Sísifo para a organização de um partido católico em Portugal : do Ultimato à República (1890-1913)
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Portugal, entre 1890 e 1913, viveu um dos períodos mais conturbados da sua história com o Ultimato Inglês e a administração do império, crise económica, social e política e passagem da Monarquia Constitucional à República. Em face deste contexto histórico de aprofundamento da secularização e do laicismo, o presente estudo faz o levantamento das iniciativas e organismos orientados para a afirmação de um partido católico em rutura com a linha política do Partido Legitimista, também denominado partido católico, por estar envolvido em questões dinásticas e numa permanente contestação dos poderes constituídos. Mais do que confronto dos católicos com a sociedade liberal e as doutrinas da modernidade, o presente estudo centra-se nas questões da possibilidade de uma convergência entre católicos, com suas diversas dinâmicas de catolicismo político, para a defesa das prerrogativas da sua Igreja. Num primeiro momento, as iniciativas de organização de um novo partido católico não passaram de um debate de ideias e de um alargado confronto de opiniões; num segundo momento, constituíram-se organismos políticos e promoveram-se candidaturas católicas às eleições nacionais; num terceiro momento fundou-se o Partido Nacionalista. Em todo este processo, sempre houve apelo à união dos católicos, sempre se buscou a autoridade da hierarquia e a direção dos bispos, mas, em contrapartida, sobressaiu a polémica, a diversidade de orientações católicas e até o paradoxo ou a impossibilidade de uma união católica. Com a implantação da República, o catolicismo político alterou-se substancialmente uma vez que se passou de um Estado confessional a um Estado de política anticlerical e laica e de corte de relações com a Santa Sé.
Portugal, between 1890 and 1913, lived one of the most troubled periods in its history with the English Ultimatum and the administration of the empire, with economic, social and political crisis plus the change from the Constitutional Monarchy to the Republic. Considering this historical context of deepening secularization and laicism, the present study focuses on the initiatives and institutions oriented towards the statement of a catholic party breaking with the political line of the Legitimist Party, also called catholic party, because of its involvement in dynastic issues and permanent challenge of the constituted powers. Taking also in account the diverse dynamics of political catholicism, this study intends to discuss and clarify the possibility of convergence among catholics for the defense of the prerogatives of their Church, more than the confrontation of catholics against liberal society and the doctrines of modernity. At first, the initiatives to organize a new catholic party were nothing more than a debate of ideas and a wide-ranging confrontation of opinions; in a second step, political bodies were formed and catholic candidates were promoted to national elections; in a third moment the Nationalist Party was founded. Throughout this process there was always a call for the union of catholics, the authority of the catholic hierarchy and the bishops’directive role were always sought; however, controversy among different catholic orientations emerged and the paradox or the impossibility of a catholic union became evident. With the establishment of the Republic political catholicism has substantially changed since the confessional State gave way to a State of anti-clerical and laic politics as well as the subsequent severance of diplomatic relations with Holy See.
Portugal, between 1890 and 1913, lived one of the most troubled periods in its history with the English Ultimatum and the administration of the empire, with economic, social and political crisis plus the change from the Constitutional Monarchy to the Republic. Considering this historical context of deepening secularization and laicism, the present study focuses on the initiatives and institutions oriented towards the statement of a catholic party breaking with the political line of the Legitimist Party, also called catholic party, because of its involvement in dynastic issues and permanent challenge of the constituted powers. Taking also in account the diverse dynamics of political catholicism, this study intends to discuss and clarify the possibility of convergence among catholics for the defense of the prerogatives of their Church, more than the confrontation of catholics against liberal society and the doctrines of modernity. At first, the initiatives to organize a new catholic party were nothing more than a debate of ideas and a wide-ranging confrontation of opinions; in a second step, political bodies were formed and catholic candidates were promoted to national elections; in a third moment the Nationalist Party was founded. Throughout this process there was always a call for the union of catholics, the authority of the catholic hierarchy and the bishops’directive role were always sought; however, controversy among different catholic orientations emerged and the paradox or the impossibility of a catholic union became evident. With the establishment of the Republic political catholicism has substantially changed since the confessional State gave way to a State of anti-clerical and laic politics as well as the subsequent severance of diplomatic relations with Holy See.
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Partido Nacionalista. - Portugal Cristianismo e política - Igreja Católica - Portugal - séc.19-20 Nacionalismo cristão - Portugal - séc.19-20 Portugal - História religiosa - séc.19-20 Portugal - Política e governo - séc.19-20 Teses de doutoramento - 2022