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Crianças acolhidas em lar residencial : representações de vinculação, desenvolvimento, competências sociais e comportamento
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente estudo, dirigido para crianças em acolhimento residencial, tem três
objectivos principais: (1) a caracterização da situação de acolhimento institucional; (2) a
caracterização das representações de vinculação, do desenvolvimento, das competências
sociais e do comportamento (3) a análise da relação entre representações de vinculação,
desenvolvimento, competências sociais e comportamento e variáveis relativas ao
acolhimento institucional. Procede-se também à caracterização do mau-trato e
negligência. Participaram no estudo 50 crianças (com idades entre 4 e 5 anos), tendo-se
constituído dois grupos: Grupo 1 - crianças integradas em meio institucional (n=25),
Grupo 2 - crianças integradas em meio familiar (n=25). Excluíram-se situações de
abuso sexual, deficiência mental ou psicopatologia. No Grupo 2 controlou-se a idade,
sexo e raça das crianças, a frequência de Jardim-de-Infância, a escolaridade dos pais, e o
grupo profissional do pai, controlando-se ainda a presença de situações de mau-trato e
negligência. Utilizaram-se quatro instrumentos e uma Ficha de Caracterização da
Criança (com duas versões - meio institucional e meio familiar), construída com vista à
recolha de informação específica face a cada criança. Os resultados mostram que a
maioria das crianças integradas em meio institucional está bem adaptada ao Lar
Residencial, mantém relações positivas com técnicos e crianças, e tem relações
preferenciais (adultos/crianças), ainda que face a 1/3 não se identifiquem adultos como
figuras de referência. A maioria das crianças contacta com os familiares de forma
regular (mas cerca de 1/4 encontra-se em abandono institucional, ou passou por
períodos em que tal aconteceu). Verifica-se que os grupos se diferenciam
significativamente nas variáveis em estudo. As crianças do Grupo 1 apresentam um
padrão de vinculação mais de tipo inseguro, pior competência na compreensão e
expressão linguística, e mais problemas de comportamento, revelando, contudo,
melhores competências sociais. As variáveis que melhor discriminam os grupos são as
Interacções Sociais e o Total de Problemas de Comportamento. Sobressai ainda que há
dimensões do desenvolvimento que se relacionam com dimensões do comportamento e
das competências sociais, salientando-se igualmente relações entre o mau-trato/
negligência e as representações de vinculação. Por último, observam-se várias
relações significativas entre as variáveis em estudo (incluindo o mau-trato e a
negligência) e variáveis do acolhimento institucional que remetem para a admissão, a
situação jurídica da criança, o contacto com familiares e a adaptação ao Lar Residencial.
The present study focus on children in residential care and has three main aims: (1) the characterization of the institutional care situation; (2) the characterization of attachment representations, development, social competence and behaviour (3) the analysis of the relationship between attachment representations, development, social competence and behaviour and variables related to the residential care. The characterization of maltreatment and neglect was also performed. Fifty children participated in the study (aged between 4 and 5) and two groups were formed: Group 1 - children in residential care (n=25), Group 2 - children in a family environment (n=25). Situations of sexual abuse, mental deficiency or psychopathology were excluded. In Group 2 some variables were controlled, namely children’s age, sex, race, and frequency of kindergarten, level of parental education and fathers’ profession. The presence of maltreatment and neglect was also controlled. Four instruments were used, and a Child Characterization Form was developed (with two versions - institutional and family environment) to collect specific information on each child. The results show that most children in institutional care are well adapted to the Residential Home, have positive relationships with professionals and children, and have preferential relationships (adults/children), although adults were not identified as reference figures by 1/3 of the children. Most of the children have contact with their relatives on a regular basis (but about 1/4 is considered in institutional abandonment, or had periods when this happened). The groups differentiated significantly in the main variables of the study. The children in Group 1 have a more insecure pattern of attachment, worse competence in linguistic expression and understanding, and more behavioural problems. However, Group 1 reveals better social competence. Social Interactions and the Total of Behavioural Problems were the variables that best discriminate the groups. The study also revealed that some development dimensions are related to dimensions of behaviour and social competence, and there are also significant relationships between maltreatment/neglect and the attachment representations. Finally, several significant relationships were observed among the main variables of the study (including maltreatment and neglect) and variables of the institutional care related to admission, legal situation of the child, contact with relatives and adaptation to the Residential Home.
The present study focus on children in residential care and has three main aims: (1) the characterization of the institutional care situation; (2) the characterization of attachment representations, development, social competence and behaviour (3) the analysis of the relationship between attachment representations, development, social competence and behaviour and variables related to the residential care. The characterization of maltreatment and neglect was also performed. Fifty children participated in the study (aged between 4 and 5) and two groups were formed: Group 1 - children in residential care (n=25), Group 2 - children in a family environment (n=25). Situations of sexual abuse, mental deficiency or psychopathology were excluded. In Group 2 some variables were controlled, namely children’s age, sex, race, and frequency of kindergarten, level of parental education and fathers’ profession. The presence of maltreatment and neglect was also controlled. Four instruments were used, and a Child Characterization Form was developed (with two versions - institutional and family environment) to collect specific information on each child. The results show that most children in institutional care are well adapted to the Residential Home, have positive relationships with professionals and children, and have preferential relationships (adults/children), although adults were not identified as reference figures by 1/3 of the children. Most of the children have contact with their relatives on a regular basis (but about 1/4 is considered in institutional abandonment, or had periods when this happened). The groups differentiated significantly in the main variables of the study. The children in Group 1 have a more insecure pattern of attachment, worse competence in linguistic expression and understanding, and more behavioural problems. However, Group 1 reveals better social competence. Social Interactions and the Total of Behavioural Problems were the variables that best discriminate the groups. The study also revealed that some development dimensions are related to dimensions of behaviour and social competence, and there are also significant relationships between maltreatment/neglect and the attachment representations. Finally, several significant relationships were observed among the main variables of the study (including maltreatment and neglect) and variables of the institutional care related to admission, legal situation of the child, contact with relatives and adaptation to the Residential Home.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Psicologia (Área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2006
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 2006 Psicologia clínica Acolhimento Crianças institucionalizadas Vinculação Competências sociais