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Caraterização da oferta de birdwatching em Portugal continental e análise do caso de estudo da Reserva da Biosfera de Castro Verde
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O turismo ornitológico é um segmento em crescimento em Portugal, que começa a ganhar destaque nas rotas dos birdwatchers. Muito embora não seja reconhecido como tal, o turismo ornitológico pode ter um papel determinante e diferenciador do país enquanto destino. Reconhecendo a pouca literatura dedicada ao tema em Portugal e o desconhecimento da oferta atual procurou-se colmatar essa lacuna ao conhecer e caracterizar as empresas que desenvolvem atividades de birdwatching e os programas/itinerários por elas comercializados. Para isso consultou-se o Registo Nacional de Agentes de Animação Turística e a partir daí o website das operadoras. Identificaram-se ao todo 112 empresas de birdwatching, mas na maioria destas o birdwatching não é o foco principal da oferta. A maioria das operadoras considera que o turismo ornitológico é apenas viável quando associado a outras ofertas de turismo de natureza. Grande parte das empresas estão sediadas no Sul de Portugal, onde a oferta de birdwatching é maior. Foram identificados um total de 249 programas de 69 empresas diferentes, e 189 pontos com interesse para o birdwatching. Os locais visitados ocorrem na sua maioria em áreas com algum estatuto de classificação. A maioria dos programas é de curta duração, de meio dia a um dia. Simultaneamente, foi analisado o birdwatching na área da Reserva da Biosfera de Castro Verde, que reúne condições para se assumir como um produto estratégico diferenciado. Perante o número crescente de visitantes na área, colocaram-se contadores automáticos de veículos de forma a conhecer e identificar padrões de visitação. A movimentação identificada na área é essencialmente de residentes e trabalhadores locais na sua deslocação diária. Porém, os resultados suportam a circulação de birdwatchers na reserva, e perante essa realidade pode justificar-se a necessidade de utilização de outros métodos de monitorização de visitantes para que haja uma correta gestão da atividade. Como considerações finais fica patente o potencial de crescimento do birdwatching e a necessidade de um planeamento estratégico, assim como de uma maior rede de cooperação entre todas as entidades. O turismo ornitológico deve complementar outros produtos já existentes, enriquecendo a experiência turística e aumentando a visitação a locais pouco conhecidos ou sem outros atrativos. Exemplo disso é a Reserva da Biosfera de Castro Verde, onde o birdwatching tem condições para assumir um papel estruturante e diferenciador, já que a região se assume como um local de paragem obrigatória para os birdwatchers.
Ornithological tourism is a growing segment in Portugal, increasingly recognized internationally. Although not seen as such, ornithological tourism has the ability to differentiate the country as a destination. There are only a few works dedicated to birdwatching in Portugal and the lack of knowledge of the current touristic offer led to the objective of identifying and characterizing the companies that develop birdwatching activities, as well as their programs/itineraries. The National Register of Tourist Animation Agents was consulted and from there we obtained the website address of the companies. A total of 112 birdwatching tour operatours were identified. In the majority of the companies the birdwatching is not the main focus of the touristic offer, and the operators considered that ornithological tourism is only viable when associated with other nature tourism activities. A total of 249 programs from 69 different companies and 189 points of interest for birdwatching were identified. Most visited sites occur in areas with some protection status. Most of the itineraries take a short period, from a couple of hours to a day. Simultaneously, the actvity of birdwatching was analyzed in the Castro Verde Biosphere Reserve, where this type of tourism has the conditions to become a differentiated strategic product. Because of the growing number of visitors in the area, automatic vehicle counters were used to identify and understand visitation patterns. The results revealed that the movements identified in the area are essentially of residents on their daily activities. However, the results support the circulation of birdwatchers in the reserve justifiying the need for other visitors monitoring methods in order to propose a proper management of the activity in the area. This study reinforces the potential growth of birdwatching, the need for strategic planning and a greater cooperation network among all entities. Ornithological tourism should complement other existing products, enriching the tourist experience and increasing visitation to little known places or with no other attractions. An example of this is the Castro Verde Biosphere Reserve, where birdwatching can assume a structuring and differentiating role, since the region is a mandatory stopping place for birdwatchers.
Ornithological tourism is a growing segment in Portugal, increasingly recognized internationally. Although not seen as such, ornithological tourism has the ability to differentiate the country as a destination. There are only a few works dedicated to birdwatching in Portugal and the lack of knowledge of the current touristic offer led to the objective of identifying and characterizing the companies that develop birdwatching activities, as well as their programs/itineraries. The National Register of Tourist Animation Agents was consulted and from there we obtained the website address of the companies. A total of 112 birdwatching tour operatours were identified. In the majority of the companies the birdwatching is not the main focus of the touristic offer, and the operators considered that ornithological tourism is only viable when associated with other nature tourism activities. A total of 249 programs from 69 different companies and 189 points of interest for birdwatching were identified. Most visited sites occur in areas with some protection status. Most of the itineraries take a short period, from a couple of hours to a day. Simultaneously, the actvity of birdwatching was analyzed in the Castro Verde Biosphere Reserve, where this type of tourism has the conditions to become a differentiated strategic product. Because of the growing number of visitors in the area, automatic vehicle counters were used to identify and understand visitation patterns. The results revealed that the movements identified in the area are essentially of residents on their daily activities. However, the results support the circulation of birdwatchers in the reserve justifiying the need for other visitors monitoring methods in order to propose a proper management of the activity in the area. This study reinforces the potential growth of birdwatching, the need for strategic planning and a greater cooperation network among all entities. Ornithological tourism should complement other existing products, enriching the tourist experience and increasing visitation to little known places or with no other attractions. An example of this is the Castro Verde Biosphere Reserve, where birdwatching can assume a structuring and differentiating role, since the region is a mandatory stopping place for birdwatchers.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020
Palavras-chave
Turismo ornitológico Empresas de Animação Turística Monitorização de visitantes Análise espacial Turismo de Natureza Teses de mestrado - 2020