| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.05 MB | Adobe PDF | |||
| 9.67 KB | Internal XML |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A obesidade mórbida é uma patologia que afecta cada vez mais pessoas em todo o mundo e constitui um factor de risco no desenvolvimento de patologias como a resistência à insulina (RI) e a diabetes tipo 2. O músculo esquelético é um dos tecidos com maior capacidade metabólica e um dos principais alvos da acção da insulina. A tentativa de explicação da RI passa pela análise pormenorizada de diferentes aspectos da actividade muscular relacionados com o metabolismo da glucose e dos ácidos gordos, nomeadamente a função mitocondrial, a capacidade de oxidação celular e o processo de transporte de glucose. Este projecto de investigação teve como objectivo principal identificar alterações histológicas e moleculares em biópsias musculares de doentes com obesidade mórbida, procurando explorar a sua interacção com factores predisponentes à RI, entre eles a idade dos pacientes, o índice de massa corporal e o HOMA-IR. Estudaram-se 43 biópsias do músculo deltóide de indivíduos com obesidade mórbida e 34 de indivíduos normais. Avaliou-se o conteúdo de glicogénio e lipídos, alterações mitocondriais e morfometria das fibras musculares por técnicas histoquímicas e histoenzimáticas. Procedeu-se também à análise da actividade da enzima citrato sintetase e dos complexos da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial, por métodos espectrofotométricos. Registou-se um aumento de EMCL e IMCL nos obesos, sem correlação com o IMC e HOMA-IR. Estes doentes apresentam também uma actividade mitocondrial alterada, manifestada pela presença de RRF e fibras COX negativas e diminuição do conteúdo mitocondrial. Não há diferenças estatísticas na proporção e dimensão das fibras tipo I e tipo II nos obesos, quando comparados com os controlos. Pelos resultados obtidos parece difícil correlacionar isoladamente as alterações musculares com a RI. No futuro, será importante estabelecer uma evolução cronológica dos acontecimentos a nível muscular e analisar simultaneamente outros tecidos alvo da insulina, nomeadamente o fígado e o tecido adiposo.
Morbid obesity affects many people in whole world and constitutes a risk factor to the development of metabolic pathologies, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with greater metabolic capacity and one of the target organs of insulin action. To explain the insulin resistance becomes important to analyze different aspects of muscular activity related to glucose and lipid metabolisms, as mitochondrial functions, cellular oxidation capacity and glucose transport. The main aim of this study is to identify histological and molecular changes present in muscular biopsies of individuals with morbid obesity and to relate them with insulin resistance. We studied 43 deltoid muscle biopsies of obese individuals and 34 biopsies of controls and evaluated lipid and glycogen content, mitochondrial dysfunction and the morphometry of muscle fibers by histochemistry and histoenzymatic techniques. We also determined the enzymatic activity of citrate syntase and respiratory chain reaction complexes, by spectrophotometric methods. Obeses have more EMCL and IMCL than normal individuals, but without correlation with BMI or HOMA-IR. They also manifested mitochondrial dysfunction, determined by the presence of ragged-red fibers, COX negative fibers and a decrease of mitochondrial content. We didn't have statistical differences between type I and type II fibers proportion and dimension in obese patients when compared with controls. These results demonstrate that is difficult to correlate insulin resistance only with muscular changes. In the future, it will be important to determine the chronological evolution of all the muscular alterations. We should study simultaneously other tissues involved in insulin action, such as liver and adipose tissue.
Morbid obesity affects many people in whole world and constitutes a risk factor to the development of metabolic pathologies, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is one of the tissues with greater metabolic capacity and one of the target organs of insulin action. To explain the insulin resistance becomes important to analyze different aspects of muscular activity related to glucose and lipid metabolisms, as mitochondrial functions, cellular oxidation capacity and glucose transport. The main aim of this study is to identify histological and molecular changes present in muscular biopsies of individuals with morbid obesity and to relate them with insulin resistance. We studied 43 deltoid muscle biopsies of obese individuals and 34 biopsies of controls and evaluated lipid and glycogen content, mitochondrial dysfunction and the morphometry of muscle fibers by histochemistry and histoenzymatic techniques. We also determined the enzymatic activity of citrate syntase and respiratory chain reaction complexes, by spectrophotometric methods. Obeses have more EMCL and IMCL than normal individuals, but without correlation with BMI or HOMA-IR. They also manifested mitochondrial dysfunction, determined by the presence of ragged-red fibers, COX negative fibers and a decrease of mitochondrial content. We didn't have statistical differences between type I and type II fibers proportion and dimension in obese patients when compared with controls. These results demonstrate that is difficult to correlate insulin resistance only with muscular changes. In the future, it will be important to determine the chronological evolution of all the muscular alterations. We should study simultaneously other tissues involved in insulin action, such as liver and adipose tissue.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Biologia (Biologia Molecular Humana), 2009, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Endocrinologia Obesidade mórbida Resistência à insulina Músculo esquelético Teses de mestrado
