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Optimizing the reproductive development of the sea cucumber Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 in captivity: advances for the species' aquaculture
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A elevada procura por pepinos-do-mar nos mercados internacionais, principalmente na Ásia, deixou um profundo impacto no stock natural de muitas espécies. Considerado um recurso alimentar altamente nutritivo, bem como um suplemento medicinal muito eficaz, os pepinos-do-mar do Indo-Pacífico foram explorados até a um ponto crítico, o que por sua vez levou a um alto investimento em aquacultura de modo a mitigar os efeitos negativos das pescas sobre as diversas espécies existentes e suprimir a escassez na oferta. Apesar dos diversos e consideráveis avanços neste sector, ainda existem poucos estudos focados inteiramente na gestão de reprodutores em cativeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito de densidade em reprodutores para a produção de Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 em cativeiro, uma espécie comum no Mar Mediterrâneo e nordeste Atlântico, com potencial valor comercial. Para isso, foram consideradas três densidades diferentes, uma baixa de 6 kg.m-3, uma média de 15 kg.m-3 e uma elevada de 30 kg.m-3. O ensaio foi realizado ao longo de um período de cinco meses, sobre os quais os parâmetros de qualidade da água foram medidos diariamente, a fim de garantir uma qualidade estável da mesma. Uma vez terminado o ensaio, foi avaliado o efeito das densidades escolhidas no desenvolvimento dos indivíduos, nomeadamente quanto ao índice gonadossomático e conteúdo nutricional, bem como as taxas de evisceração e mortalidade. O estudo efetuado sugere que a maior densidade, de 30 kg.m-3, é a que apresenta melhores resultados para o acondicionamento de H. forskali em cativeiro por curtos períodos de tempo, embora testes adicionais sejam recomendados para determinar os efeitos por períodos mais longos.
The high demand of sea cucumbers in international markets, mostly based in Asia, has left a deep impact on the natural stock of many different species. Considered a highly nutritious food resource as well as a very effective and ancient medicinal supplement, sea cucumbers across the Indo-Pacific have been exploited to a critical degree, which in turn led to a high investment in aquaculture in order to mitigate the negative impacts that fishing has had over the different species of sea cucumbers, as well as satisfy their continuous demand. Despite the much considerable advancements in this sector, few studies have yet to solely focus on the impact and management of broodstock in captivity. This study aimed to determine the effects of stock density in rearing broodstock of Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 in captivity, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic with a potential commercial value. To do so, three different densities were taken into consideration, a lower one of 6 kg.m-3, a medium one of 15 kg.m-3 and a high one of 30 kg.m-3. The trial took place over a period of five months, over which water quality parameters were measured daily in order to ensure a good water quality. At the end of the trial, the effects of stock density on the individuals’ condition were assessed, namely regarding their gonadosomatic index, nutritional content as well as evisceration and mortality rates. Results obtained in this study point towards the highest density of 30 kg.m-3 being the most beneficial for rearing H. forskali in captivity for short periods of time, although further testing is recommended to determine the effects for longer periods of time.
The high demand of sea cucumbers in international markets, mostly based in Asia, has left a deep impact on the natural stock of many different species. Considered a highly nutritious food resource as well as a very effective and ancient medicinal supplement, sea cucumbers across the Indo-Pacific have been exploited to a critical degree, which in turn led to a high investment in aquaculture in order to mitigate the negative impacts that fishing has had over the different species of sea cucumbers, as well as satisfy their continuous demand. Despite the much considerable advancements in this sector, few studies have yet to solely focus on the impact and management of broodstock in captivity. This study aimed to determine the effects of stock density in rearing broodstock of Holothuria (Panningoturia) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 in captivity, a common species in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic with a potential commercial value. To do so, three different densities were taken into consideration, a lower one of 6 kg.m-3, a medium one of 15 kg.m-3 and a high one of 30 kg.m-3. The trial took place over a period of five months, over which water quality parameters were measured daily in order to ensure a good water quality. At the end of the trial, the effects of stock density on the individuals’ condition were assessed, namely regarding their gonadosomatic index, nutritional content as well as evisceration and mortality rates. Results obtained in this study point towards the highest density of 30 kg.m-3 being the most beneficial for rearing H. forskali in captivity for short periods of time, although further testing is recommended to determine the effects for longer periods of time.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Ecologia Marinha, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019
Palavras-chave
Equinoderme Reprodutores Densidade de stock Histologia Valor nutricional Teses de mestrado - 2019