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O estudo dos mecanismos de mudança terapêutica é fundamental para a otimização de intervenções baseadas em evidência, no âmbito do tratamento de perturbações emocionais na infância. Assim, este estudo procurou caracterizar a evolução da aliança terapêutica inicial, bem como analisar alguns dos seus correlatos, no contexto de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental, grupal e manualizada. Como tal, participaram, neste estudo, 33 crianças em idade escolar, com elevados níveis de ansiedade. A aliança terapêutica inicial foi avaliada com base em duas medidas: uma medida de autorrelato e outra observacional. Os seus correlatos - socioedemográficos, clínicos, motivacionais e grupais - foram recolhidos antes do início da intervenção, utilizando diferentes instrumentos de autorrelato infantil. Os resultados relevaram, assim, uma evolução positiva da aliança terapêutica inicial, sendo que as crianças mais novas parecem autorrelatar níveis de aliança mais elevados. Além disto, a intensidade da sintomatologia, dos participantes, encontrou-se positiva e significativamente associada aos níveis de aliança terapêutica inicial: crianças com um maior nível de sintomatologia parecem manifestar uma mais forte aliança terapêutica inicial. Pelo contrário, o tamanho do grupo de intervenção revelou-se negativamente associado à formação desta aliança. Assim, os resultados reiteram a importância da aliança que é inicialmente estabelecida entre a criança e o seu terapeuta. Neste âmbito, os clínicos devem investir, especialmente, no desenvolvimento de um vínculo com as crianças mais velhas, priveligiando a criação de grupos de tratamento de menores dimensões, que facilitem o estabelecimento da aliança terapêutica inicial.
The study of therapeutic change mechanisms is fundamental for optimizing evidence-based interventions in the treatment of emotional disorders in childhood. Therefore, this study sought to characterize the evolution of the early therapeutic alliance, as well as analyze some of its correlates, in the context of a cognitive-behavioral, group and manualized intervention. As such, 33 school-age children with high anxiety levels participated in this study. The initial therapeutic alliance was assessed based on self-report and observational measures. Its correlates - socio-demographic, clinical, motivational and group ones - were collected before the start of the intervention, using different child self-report instruments. The results thus revealed a positive evolution of the early therapeutic alliance, with younger children appearing to self-report higher levels of alliance. Furthermore, the intensity of the participants' symptoms was positively and significantly associated with the level of early therapeutic alliance: children with a higher level of internalizing symptoms seem to manifest a stronger early alliance. On the contrary, the size of the intervention group was negatively associated with the formation of this alliance. Thus, the results reiterate the importance of the alliance initially established between the child and their therapist. In this context, clinicians should invest, especially, in developing a bond with older children, focusing on the creation of smaller treatment groups, which facilitate the establishment of an early therapeutic alliance.
The study of therapeutic change mechanisms is fundamental for optimizing evidence-based interventions in the treatment of emotional disorders in childhood. Therefore, this study sought to characterize the evolution of the early therapeutic alliance, as well as analyze some of its correlates, in the context of a cognitive-behavioral, group and manualized intervention. As such, 33 school-age children with high anxiety levels participated in this study. The initial therapeutic alliance was assessed based on self-report and observational measures. Its correlates - socio-demographic, clinical, motivational and group ones - were collected before the start of the intervention, using different child self-report instruments. The results thus revealed a positive evolution of the early therapeutic alliance, with younger children appearing to self-report higher levels of alliance. Furthermore, the intensity of the participants' symptoms was positively and significantly associated with the level of early therapeutic alliance: children with a higher level of internalizing symptoms seem to manifest a stronger early alliance. On the contrary, the size of the intervention group was negatively associated with the formation of this alliance. Thus, the results reiterate the importance of the alliance initially established between the child and their therapist. In this context, clinicians should invest, especially, in developing a bond with older children, focusing on the creation of smaller treatment groups, which facilitate the establishment of an early therapeutic alliance.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento da Criança e do Adolescente – Prevenção e Intervenção, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Relação terapêutica Processo terapêutico Terapia cognitivo-comportamental Infância Crianças - Desenvolvimento Perturbações emocionais Dissertações de mestrado - 2023
