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Noise‐induced reduction in the attack rate of a planktivorous freshwater fish revealed by functional response analysis
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1. Anthropogenic noise can affect animals physically, physiologically, and behaviourally. Although individual responses to noise are well documented, the consequences in terms of community structure, species coexistence, and ecosystem
functioning remain fairly unknown.
2. The impact of noise on predation has received a growing interest and alterations
in trophic links are observed when animals shift from foraging to stress-related
behaviours, are distracted by noise, or because of acoustic masking. However, the
experimental procedures classically used to quantify predation do not inform on
the potential demographic impact on prey.
3. We derived the relationship between resource use and availability (the functional
response) for European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) feeding on dipteran larvae
(Chaoborus sp.) under two noise conditions: ambient noise and ambient noise supplemented with motorboat noise. The shape and magnitude of the functional response are powerful indicators of population outcomes and predator–prey
dynamics. We also recorded fish behaviour to explore some proximate determinants of altered predation.
4. For both noise conditions, fish displayed a saturating (type II) functional response
whose shape depends on two parameters: attack rate and handling time. Boat
noise did not affect handling time but significantly reduced attack rate, resulting
in a functional response curve of the same height but with a less steep initial slope.
Fish exhibited a stress-related response to noise including increased swimming
distance, more social interactions, and altered spatial distribution.
5. Our study shows the usefulness of the functional response approach to study the
ecological impacts of noise and illustrates how the behavioural responses of predators to noise can modify the demographic pressure on prey. It also suggests that
prey availability might mediate the negative effect of noise on predation.
Community outcomes are expected if the reduced consumption of the main food
sources goes with the overconsumption of alternative food sources, changing the
distribution pattern of interaction strengths. Predation release could also trigger a
trophic cascade, propagating the effect of noise to lower trophic levels.
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Hanache, P, Spataro, T, Firmat, C, Boyer, N, Fonseca, P, Médoc, V. Noise‐induced reduction in the attack rate of a planktivorous freshwater fish revealed by functional response analysis. Freshwater Biology. 2020; 65: 75– 85. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13271