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Entre os estuários do Tejo e do Sado na 2.ª metade do III Milénio BC: O fenómeno campaniforme.
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Procede-se a um balanço da informação disponível relativa ao Horizonte Campaniforme (2.ª metade do III milénio BC) da Península de Setúbal. Identificam-se e caracterizam-se, com base em novos dados, os grupos estilísticos Internacional, de Palmela e de Palmela evolucionado/Inciso que, em termos gerais, parecem coincidir com diversas fases do processo de transformação económico-social responsável pelo colapso do modo de produção característico da 1.ª metade do III milénio. Na desintegração dessas sociedades comunitárias atender-se-á em particular à vasta expansão geográfica sobretudo do vaso campaniforme internacional (adoptado como artefacto de prestígio), reveladora de processos de interacção transregionais de larga escala; à fragmentação e dispersão do povoamento; à tendência para a passagem da sepultura colectiva para a individual; à consagração das armas (de cobre arsenical) nos rituais funerários; à ostentação de elementos de adorno, designadamente de ouro e marfim; à substituição dos artefactos ideotécnicos pelos de carácter sociotécnico.
A synthesis regarding the Bell Beaker period (2nd half of the third millennium cal BC) of the Setúbal Peninsula is presented. On the basis of new data, the International, Palmela and evolved Palmela stylistic groups are characterized and associated to the socioeconomic transformations that occurred in the second half of the third millennium cal BC. The arrival of the International Bell Beaker pottery at the region occurred when the Chalcolithic communitarian societies enter in a profound crisis. That prestige item signals a new interaction system that spread over a huge European geography. Onward, the settlement pattern returns to the open and flat landscapes; political power got more centralized. There is a progressive shift from the collective funerary ritual to individual inhumations graves. Mainly in the funerary record it is evident the emergence of elites whose chiefs are the center of a new heroic ideology based on weapons (of arsenical copper) and on exotic and rare adornments made in gold and ivory; the traditional Chalcolithic ideo-technical artifacts are replaced by socio-technical items.
A synthesis regarding the Bell Beaker period (2nd half of the third millennium cal BC) of the Setúbal Peninsula is presented. On the basis of new data, the International, Palmela and evolved Palmela stylistic groups are characterized and associated to the socioeconomic transformations that occurred in the second half of the third millennium cal BC. The arrival of the International Bell Beaker pottery at the region occurred when the Chalcolithic communitarian societies enter in a profound crisis. That prestige item signals a new interaction system that spread over a huge European geography. Onward, the settlement pattern returns to the open and flat landscapes; political power got more centralized. There is a progressive shift from the collective funerary ritual to individual inhumations graves. Mainly in the funerary record it is evident the emergence of elites whose chiefs are the center of a new heroic ideology based on weapons (of arsenical copper) and on exotic and rare adornments made in gold and ivory; the traditional Chalcolithic ideo-technical artifacts are replaced by socio-technical items.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cerâmica campaniforme Horizonte campaniforme Grupos estilísticos de Palmela Península de Setúbal Setúbal peninsula Bell Beaker pottery International stylistic groups - Palmela
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Silva, C. T. d. (2017). Entre os estuários do Tejo e do Sado na 2.ª metade do III Milénio BC: O fenómeno campaniforme. In V. S. Gonçalves (Ed.), Sinos e Taças. Junto ao oceano e mais longe. Aspectos da presença campaniforme na Península Ibérica (pp. 142-157). Lisboa: Uniarq.