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Vírus Oncolíticos na Terapia do Cancro
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Resumo(s)
A terapia oncolítica trata-se de uma nova abordagem para o tratamento do cancro que consiste na eliminação das células cancerígenas deixando as células normais intactas, sendo por isso vantajosa em relação às terapias tradicionais, como a quimioterapia e a radioterapia. Para além do seu mecanismo de acção contribuir para o aumento da qualidade de vida dos doentes, também já demonstrou ter efeitos bastante positivos relativamente à sobrevivência à doença. O Adenovírus, o Herpes Simplex vírus e o vírus Vaccinia são alguns dos vírus mais utilizados como vectores para aplicação desta terapia. As técnicas mais utilizadas são a expressão de transgenes e/ou deleção de genes virais por forma a aumentar a selectividade dos vírus para as células cancerígenas. O ONYX-015, o NV1020 e o JX-594, são exemplos de vectores derivados dos três vírus acima referidos, respectivamente, aplicados com sucesso em vários tipos de cancro, tanto em estudos pré-clínicos como clínicos.
Oncolytic virotherapy is a new approach for cancer treatment that consists in the elimination of cancer cells while having no effects in normal cells. For this reason there are advantages in its use rather than traditional therapies, like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Besides the fact that the mechanism of action contributes for the increase in patients’ quality of life, it also has demonstrated to have quite positive effects in terms of disease survival. Adenovirus, Herpes Simplex virus and Vaccinia virus are some of the most used viruses as vectors for the application of this therapy. The most applied techniques are transgene expression and/or gene deletion, so that it is possible to increase virus selectivity for cancer cells. ONYX-015, NV1020 and JX-594 are examples of vectors derived from the three viruses mentioned above, respectively, that were successfully applied in different types of cancer, in both preclinical and clinical studies.
Oncolytic virotherapy is a new approach for cancer treatment that consists in the elimination of cancer cells while having no effects in normal cells. For this reason there are advantages in its use rather than traditional therapies, like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Besides the fact that the mechanism of action contributes for the increase in patients’ quality of life, it also has demonstrated to have quite positive effects in terms of disease survival. Adenovirus, Herpes Simplex virus and Vaccinia virus are some of the most used viruses as vectors for the application of this therapy. The most applied techniques are transgene expression and/or gene deletion, so that it is possible to increase virus selectivity for cancer cells. ONYX-015, NV1020 and JX-594 are examples of vectors derived from the three viruses mentioned above, respectively, that were successfully applied in different types of cancer, in both preclinical and clinical studies.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Terapia oncolítica Vírus oncolítico Tratamento do cancro Herpes Simplex vírus Adenovírus Vírus Vaccinia Mestrado Integrado - 2014